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curl_setopt

(PHP 4 >= 4.0.2, PHP 5, PHP 7)

curl_setopt — Eine Option für einen cURL Transfer setzen

Beschreibung

curl_setopt ( resource $ch , int $option , mixed $value ) : bool

Setzt eine Option für das angegeben cURL-Handle

Parameter-Liste

ch

Ein von curl_init() zurückgegebenes cURL-Handle.

option

Die zu setzende CURLOPT_XXX-Option

value

Der Wert für value

value sollte ein boolean für die folgenden Werte des Parameters option sein:

Option	Wert für `value`	Anmerkungen
`CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER`	`TRUE` um automatisch den Referer: in Abfragen zu setzen, die einem Redirect per Location: folgen
`CURLOPT_BINARYTRANSFER`	`TRUE` um die unbearbeiteten Daten zurüchzugeben wenn `CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER` gesetzt ist.	Ab PHP 5.1.3 hat diese Option keine Auswirkungen mehr: die unbearbeitenten Daten werden immer zurückgegeben, wenn `CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER` gesetzt ist.
`CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION`	`TRUE` um diesen Request als neue "Cookie Session" zu behandeln. Somit wird libcurl alle cookies die geladen werden sollen ignorieren, sofern es sich um "Session Cookies" einer vorherigen Session handelt. Standardmässig lädt und speichert libcurl alle cookies, unabhängig davon, ob es "Session Cookies" sind. Bei "Session Cookies" handelt es sich um Cookies ohne Ablaufdatum, die nur für die aktuelle Session gültig sind.
`CURLOPT_CERTINFO`	`TRUE` um die SSL Zertifikatsinformation bei sicheren Übertragungen auf STDERR auszugeben.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.19.1. Verfügbar seit PHP 5.3.2. Erfordert, dass `CURLOPT_VERBOSE` gesetzt ist, um zu wirken.
`CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY`	`TRUE` weist die Bibliothek an, die gesamte erforderlichen Proxy-Authentifizierung und den Verbindungsaufbau durchzuführen, aber keine Datenübertragung. Diese Option ist für HTTP, SMTP und POP3 implementiert.	Hinzugefügt in 7.15.2. Verfügbar seit PHP 5.5.0.
`CURLOPT_CRLF`	`TRUE` um Unix-Zeilenumbrüche beim Transfer in CRLF-Zeilenumbrüche umzuwandeln.
`CURLOPT_DNS_USE_GLOBAL_CACHE`	`TRUE` um den globalen DNS-Cache zu nutzen. Diese Option ist nicht thread-safe und standardmässig aktiviert.
`CURLOPT_FAILONERROR`	`TRUE` um PHP anzuweisen, bei Fehlern (HTTP-Code ist größer oder gleich 400) eine ausführliche Fehlermeldung zu liefern. Dieses Verhalten ist standardmässig aktiviert.
`CURLOPT_SSL_FALSESTART`	`TRUE`, um TLS-False-Start zu aktivieren.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.42.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_FILETIME`	`TRUE` um zu versuchen, das Änderungsdatum des serverseitigen Dokuments zu ermitteln. Der Wert kann über die Funktion curl_getinfo() unter Verwendung des Parameters `CURLINFO_FILETIME` ermittelt werden.
`CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION`	`TRUE` um jedem "Location: "-Header zu folgen, den der Server als Teil der HTTP-Header zurückgibt. Die Verarbeitung erfolgt rekursiv, PHP wird jedem "Location: "-Header folgen, sofern nicht `CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS` gesetzt ist.
`CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE`	`TRUE` um die Verbindung nach der Verarbeitung explizit zu schließen, so daß sie nicht wiederverwendet werden kann.
`CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT`	`TRUE` um den expliziten Aufbau einer neuen Verbindung zu erzwingen, anstatt auf eine gecachte zurückzugreifen.
`CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPRT`	`TRUE`, um EPRT (und LPRT) für aktive FTP-Downloads zu nutzen. Auf `FALSE` setzen, um EPRT und LPRT zu deaktivieren und ausschließlich PORT zu nutzen.
`CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV`	`TRUE` um vor dem Fallback auf PASV zunächst eine EPSV-Anweisung für einen FTP-Transfer auszuführen. Auf `FALSE` setzen, um EPSV zu deaktivieren.
`CURLOPT_FTP_CREATE_MISSING_DIRS`	`TRUE` um fehlende Verzeichnisse zu erzeugen, wenn eine FTP-Operation auf einen Pfad stößt, der zurzeit nicht existiert.
`CURLOPT_FTPAPPEND`	`TRUE` um Daten an die serverseitige Datei anzuhängen anstatt diese zu überschreiben.
`CURLOPT_TCP_NODELAY`	`TRUE`, um den Nagle-Algorithmus von TCP zu deaktivieren, der verucht, die Anzahl kleiner Pakete im Netzwerk zu reduzieren.	Verfügbar seit PHP 5.2.1 für Versionen, die mit libcurl 7.11.2 oder höher kompiliert wurden.
`CURLOPT_FTPASCII`	Ein Alias für `CURLOPT_TRANSFERTEXT`, das bevorzugt werden sollte.
`CURLOPT_FTPLISTONLY`	`TRUE` um nur die Namen in einem FTP-Verzeichnis aufzulisten.
`CURLOPT_HEADER`	`TRUE` um den Header in die Ausgabe aufzunehmen.
`CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT`	`TRUE` um den Request-String des Handles zu verfolgen.	Verfügbar seit PHP 5.1.3. DasPrefix `CURLINFO_` ist beabsichtigt.
`CURLOPT_HTTPGET`	`TRUE` um die HTTP-Request-Methode auf GET zu setzen. Da dies die Standard-Methode ist sollte dies nur nach einem Wechsel der Request-Methode notwendig sein.
`CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL`	`TRUE` um einen vorhandenen Proxy-Tunnel zu nutzen
`CURLOPT_MUTE`	`TRUE` um jegliche Ausgabe der cURL-Funktionen zu unterbinden	Entfernt in cURL 7.15.5 (statt dessen kann CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER verwendet werden)
`CURLOPT_NETRC`	`TRUE` um die lokale Datei `~/.netrc` nach Benutzername/Passwort für die Authorisierung des Zugriffs zu durchsuchen.
`CURLOPT_NOBODY`	`TRUE` um den Body nicht in die Ausgabe aufzunehmen.
`CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS`	`TRUE` um die Fortschrittsanzeige für den Transfer auszublenden. Hinweis: PHP setzt die Option automatisch auf `TRUE`. Dies sollte ausschließlich für die Fehlersuche geändert werden.
`CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL`	`TRUE` um jegliche cURL-Funktion zu ignorieren, die ein Signal an den PHP-Prozess sendet. In multi-threaded SAPIs ist diese Option standardmässig aktiviert, so daß Timeouts weiterhin abgefangen werden können.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.10 und PHP 5.0.0.
`CURLOPT_PATH_AS_IS`	`TRUE`, um Dot-Dot-Sequenzen nicht aufzulösen.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.42.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT`	`TRUE`, um auf Pipelining/Multiplexing zu warten.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.43.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_POST`	`TRUE` um einen HTTP-POST-Request abzusetzen. Dabei handelt es sich um das übliche application/x-www-form-urlencoded, wie es im Allgemeinen von HTML-Formularen erzeugt wird.
`CURLOPT_PUT`	`TRUE` um ein HTTP-PUT für eine Datei abzusetzen. Die fragliche Datei muss dabei über die Konstanten `CURLOPT_INFILE` und `CURLOPT_INFILESIZE` gesetzt werden.
`CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER`	`TRUE` um den Transfer als String zurückzuliefern, anstatt ihn direkt auszugeben.
`CURLOPT_SAFE_UPLOAD`	`TRUE` um die Unterstützung des @-Präfix zum Upload von Dateien in `CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS` zu deaktivieren, was bedeutet, dass Werte, die mit @ beginnen, sicher als Felder übergeben werden können. Statt dessen kann CURLFile für Uploads verwendet werden.	Hinzugefügt in PHP 5.5.0 mit `FALSE` als Voreinstellung. PHP 5.6.0 ändert die Voreinstellung zu `TRUE`. PHP 7 entfernt diese Option; das CURLFile Interface muss zum Hochladen von Dateien verwendet werden.
`CURLOPT_SASL_IR`	`TRUE`, um die Übertragung der ursprünglichen Response im ersten Paket zu aktivieren.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.31.10. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_SSL_ENABLE_ALPN`	`FALSE`, um ALPN im SSL-Handshake zu deaktivieren (wenn das SSL-Backend libcurl mit entsprechender Unterstüzung kompiliert wurde), was genutzt werden kann, um HTTP2 auszuhandeln.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.36.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_SSL_ENABLE_NPN`	`FALSE`, um NPN im SSL-Handshake zu deaktivieren (wenn das SSL-Backend libcurl mit entsprechender Unterstüzung kompiliert wurde), was genutzt werden kann, um HTTP2 auszuhandeln.	Added in cURL 7.36.0. Available since PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER`	`FALSE` um die Überprüfung des Peerzertifikats seitens cURL zu unterdrücken. Alternative Zertifikate zur Überprüfung können mit der Option `CURLOPT_CAINFO` angegeben werden oder ein Zertifikat-Verzeichnis kann mit `CURLOPT_CAPATH` ausgewiesen werden.	`TRUE` als Standard seit cURL 7.10.
`CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYSTATUS`	`TRUE`, um den Zertifikatsstatus zu überprüfen.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.41.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_TCP_FASTOPEN`	`TRUE`, um TCP-Fast-Open zu aktivieren.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.49.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_TFTP_NO_OPTIONS`	`TRUE`, um keine TFTP-Optionen zu senden.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.48.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_TRANSFERTEXT`	`TRUE` um FTP-Transfers im ASCII-Modus durchzuführen. Für LDAP werden Daten in Klartext statt HTML übertragen. Unter Windows wird STDOUT nicht in den binären Modus gesetzt.
`CURLOPT_UNRESTRICTED_AUTH`	`TRUE` um beim Folgen eines Location: -Headers (siehe `CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION`) weiterhin Benutzername und Passwort zu senden, sogar nach einem Wechsel des Hostnamens.
`CURLOPT_UPLOAD`	`TRUE` um einen Upload vorzubereiten
`CURLOPT_VERBOSE`	`TRUE` um ausführliche Informationen auszugeben, entweder nach STDERR oder in die mittels der Option `CURLOPT_STDERR` gewählte Datei.

Für die folgenden option-Parameter sollte value ein Integer sein:

Option	Wert für `value`	Anmerkungen
`CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE`	Die für jede Leseoperation zulässige Buffergröße. Es ist nicht garantiert, daß diese Einstellung genutzt wird.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.10 and PHP 5.0.0.
`CURLOPT_CLOSEPOLICY`	Einer der *`CURLCLOSEPOLICY_` Werte. Hinweis**: Diese Option ist überholt, da sie niemals in cURL implementiert wurde, und niemals wirkte.	Entfernt in PHP 5.6.0.
`CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT`	Die Anzahl Sekunden, die der Verbindungsaufbau maximal dauern darf; 0 hebt die Begrenzung auf.
`CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS`	Die Anzahl Millisekunden, die der Verbindungsaufbau maximal dauern darf; 0 hebt die Begrenzung auf. Wenn libcurl so kompiliert wurde, dass die standard System-Namensauflösung verwendet wird, wird dieser Teil der Verbindung dennoch die volle Sekunden-Auflösung für Timeouts mit einem minimalen Timeout von einer Sekunde verwenden.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.16.2. Verfügbar seit PHP 5.2.3.
`CURLOPT_DNS_CACHE_TIMEOUT`	Die Dauer in Sekunden, die ein DNS-Eintrag im Speicher gehalten wird. Der Standard sind 120 Sekunden (2 Minuten).
`CURLOPT_EXPECT_100_TIMEOUT_MS`	Der Expect-Timeout: 100-continue Antworten in Millisekunden. Standardwert sind 1000 Millisekunden.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.36.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_FTPSSLAUTH`	Die FTP-Authentisierungsmethode (wenn aktiviert): CURLFTPAUTH_SSL (versuche zunächst SSL), CURLFTPAUTH_TLS (versuche zunächst TLS), oder CURLFTPAUTH_DEFAULT (lass cURL entscheiden).	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.12.2 und PHP 5.1.0.
`CURLOPT_HEADEROPT`	Wie mit Headern umzugehen ist. Eine der folgenden Konstanten: `CURLHEADER_UNIFIED`: die Header, die in `CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER` angegeben wurden, werden in Requests sowohl an Server wie auch Proxies verwendet. Ist diese Option aktiviert, hat `CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER` keinerlei Wirkung. `CURLHEADER_SEPARATE`: sendet `CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER` Header nur an einen Server, aber nicht an einen Proxy. Proxy-Header müssen mit `CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER` gesetzt werden, damit sie verwendet werden. Es ist zu beachten, dass bei einem non-CONNECT-Request, der an einen Proxy gesendet wird, libcurl sowohl die Server- als auch die Proxy-Header sendet. Bei einem CONNECT sendet libcurl `CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER` Header nur an den Proxy, und `CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER` Header nur an den Server. Standardwert ist `CURLHEADER_SEPARATE` von cURL 7.42.1 an, und `CURLHEADER_UNIFIED` zuvor.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.37.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION`	`CURL_HTTP_VERSION_NONE` (Standard, lässt cURL entscheiden, welche Version genutzt werden soll), `CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0` (nutze HTTP/1.0), or `CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1` (nutze HTTP/1.1).
`CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH`	Die zu nutzende HTTP-Authentisierungsmethode; zur Verfügung stehen: `CURLAUTH_BASIC`, `CURLAUTH_DIGEST`, `CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE`, `CURLAUTH_NTLM`, `CURLAUTH_ANY`, und `CURLAUTH_ANYSAFE`. Um mehrere Methoden zu kombinieren kann der Bit-\|(oder)-Operator verwendet werden; in diesem Fall wird cURL in Abstimmung mit dem Server die günstigste Methode auswählen. `CURLAUTH_ANY` ist ein Alias für CURLAUTH_BASIC \| CURLAUTH_DIGEST \| CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE \| CURLAUTH_NTLM. `CURLAUTH_ANYSAFE` ist ein Alias für CURLAUTH_DIGEST \| CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE \| CURLAUTH_NTLM.
`CURLOPT_INFILESIZE`	Die erwartete Dateigröße der hochzuladenden Datei in Bytes. Beachten Sie, dass die Verwendung dieser Option libcurl nicht daran hindern wird mehr Daten zu senden, da was genau gesendet wird von `CURLOPT_READFUNCTION` abhängt.
`CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT`	Die Transfergeschwindigkeit in Bytes pro Sekunde, die bei Unterschreitung in Kombination mit der Überschreitung von `CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME` Sekunden bewirkt, dass der Transfer aufgrund der zu niedrigen Transferrate abgebrochen wird.
`CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME`	Die Zeit in Sekunden, in der die Transferrate unter `CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT` gedultet wird. Nach dieser Zeit wird die Transferrate als zu langsam angesehen und der Transfer wird beendet.
`CURLOPT_MAXCONNECTS`	Die maximal erlaubte Anzahl persistenter Verbindungen; bei Erreichen des Limits wird mittels `CURLOPT_CLOSEPOLICY` entschieden, welche Verbindung geschlossen wird.
`CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS`	Die maximal erlaubte Anzahl von HTTP-Weiterleitungen. Verwenden Sie diese Option zusammen mit `CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION`.
`CURLOPT_PORT`	Erlaubt das Setzen eines alternativen Ports für die Verbindung.
`CURLOPT_POSTREDIR`	Eine Bitmaske von 1 (301 Moved Permanently), 2 (302 Found) und 4 (303 See Other), ob die HTTP POST Methode beibehalten werden soll, wenn `CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION` gesetzt ist, und ein sepzifischer Typ von Weiterleitung auftritt.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.19.1. Verfügbar seit PHP 5.3.2.
`CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS`	Eine Bitmaske von *`CURLPROTO_`-Werten. Mit dieser Einstellung lassen sich die Protokolle einschränken die libcurl für diesen Transfer nutzen darf. Damit wird es möglich ein libcurl mit einer Vielzahl an Protokollen zu benutzen, gleichzeitig aber lassen sich die für einen bestimmten Transfer zulässigen Protokolle beschränken. Standardmässig akzeptiert libcurl alle unterstützten Protokolle. Siehe auch `CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS`**. Zulässige Optionen: `CURLPROTO_HTTP`, `CURLPROTO_HTTPS`, `CURLPROTO_FTP`, `CURLPROTO_FTPS`, `CURLPROTO_SCP`, `CURLPROTO_SFTP`, `CURLPROTO_TELNET`, `CURLPROTO_LDAP`, `CURLPROTO_LDAPS`, `CURLPROTO_DICT`, `CURLPROTO_FILE`, `CURLPROTO_TFTP`, `CURLPROTO_ALL`	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.19.4.
`CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH`	Die HTTP-Authentisierungsmethode(n) für die Proxy-Verbindung. Nutzt die gleiche Bitmaske wie in `CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH` beschrieben. Nur `CURLAUTH_BASIC` und `CURLAUTH_NTLM` sind momentan für Proxy-Verbindungen zulässig.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.10.7 und PHP 5.1.0.
`CURLOPT_PROXYPORT`	Der Port, auf den die Proxy-Verbindung erfolgen soll; kann auch mittels `CURLOPT_PROXY` gesetzt werden.
`CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE`	Entweder `CURLPROXY_HTTP` (Standard), `CURLPROXY_SOCKS4`, `CURLPROXY_SOCKS5`, `CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A` oder `CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME`.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.10.
`CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS`	Eine Bitmaske von *`CURLPROTO_`-Werten. Mit dieser Einstellung lassen sich die Protokolle einschränken die libcurl für diesen Transfer nutzen darf, wenn eine Weiterleitung stattfindet (setzt voraus daß `CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION` erlaubt ist). Damit wird es möglich ein libcurl mit einer Vielzahl an Protokollen zu benutzen, gleichzeitig aber lassen sich die für eine Weiterleitung zulässigen Protokolle beschränken. Standardmässig akzeptiert libcurl alle unterstützten Protokolle außer FILE und SCP. Siehe auch `CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS`** für weitere Informationen zu den Protokoll-Konstanten.	Added in cURL 7.19.4.
`CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM`	Die Position in Bytes ab der ein Transfer fortgesetzt werden soll.
`CURLOPT_SSL_OPTIONS`	Setze SSL-Verhaltensoptionen, die eine Bitmaske von beliebigen der folgenden Konstanten ist: `CURLSSLOPT_ALLOW_BEAST`: versuche keine Workarounds für Sicherheitsmängel in den SSL3 und TLS1.0 Protokollen. `CURLSSLOPT_NO_REVOKE`: deaktiviere Zertifikatswiderrufsprüfungen für SSL-Backends, die dies unterstützen.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.25.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST`	1 um auf die Existenz des Namens im Zertifikat zu prüfen, 2 stellt sicher, daß eine Übereinstimmung mit dem angegebenen Hostnamen vorliegt. 0, um die Namen nicht zu prüfen. In Produktsumgebungen sollte der Wert dieser Option 2 sein (Voreinstellung).	Die Unterstützung für Wert 1 wurde in cURL 7.28.1 entfernt
`CURLOPT_SSLVERSION`	Entweder `CURL_SSLVERSION_DEFAULT` (0), `CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1` (1), `CURL_SSLVERSION_SSLv2` (2), `CURL_SSLVERSION_SSLv3` (3), `CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_0` (4), `CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_1` (5) oder `CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2` (6). Hinweis: Am besten ist es diese Option nicht zu setzen, und den Default zu verwenden. Die Werte 2 und 3 sind sehr gefährlich, angesichts der bekannten Sicherheitslücken in SSLv2 und SSLv3.
`CURLOPT_STREAM_WEIGHT`	Setze die numerische Streamgewichtung (eine Zahl zwischen 1 und 256).	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.46.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION`	Dieser Wert gibt an, wie `CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE` behandelt werden soll. Mögliche Werte sind `CURL_TIMECOND_IFMODSINCE` (Standard) und `CURL_TIMECOND_ISUNMODSINCE`. Im ersten Fall wird geprüft, ob die Seite seit `CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE` geändert wurde; andernfalls wird ein "304 Not Modified"-Header zurückgegeben (vorausgesetzt `CURLOPT_HEADER` ist `TRUE`). `CURL_TIMECOND_ISUNMODSINCE` bewirkt das gegenteilige Verhalten.
`CURLOPT_TIMEOUT`	Die maximale Ausführungszeit in Sekunden für cURL-Funktionen.
`CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS`	Die maximale Ausführungszeit in Millisekunden für cURL-Funktionen. Wenn libcurl so kompiliert wurde, dass die standard System-Namensauflösung verwendet wird, wird dieser Teil der Verbindung dennoch die volle Sekunden-Auflösung für Timeouts mit einem minimalen Timeout von einer Sekunde verwenden.	Added in cURL 7.16.2. Available since PHP 5.2.3.
`CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE`	Zeit in Sekunden seit dem 1. Januar 1970. Dieser Wert wird von `CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION` genutzt. Als Standard wird `CURL_TIMECOND_IFMODSINCE` genutzt.
`CURLOPT_MAX_RECV_SPEED_LARGE`	Wenn ein Download diese Geschwindigkeit (gezählt in Bytes pro Sekunde) im Gesamtdurchschnitt während der Übertragung überschreitet, wird die Übertragung angehalten, um die durschnittliche Rate kleiner oder gleich dem Parameter-Wert zu halten. Voreinstellung ist unbegrenzte Geschwindigkeit.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.15.5. Verfügbar seit PHP 5.4.0.
`CURLOPT_MAX_SEND_SPEED_LARGE`	Wenn ein Upload diese Geschwindigkeit (gezählt in Bytes pro Sekunde) im Gesamtdurchschnitt während der Übertragung überschreitet, wird die Übertragung angehalten, um die durschnittliche Rate kleiner oder gleich dem Parameter-Wert zu halten. Voreinstellung ist unbegrenzte Geschwindigkeit.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.15.5. Verfügbar seit PHP 5.4.0.
`CURLOPT_SSH_AUTH_TYPES`	Eine Bitmaske bestehend aus einer oder mehreren von `CURLSSH_AUTH_PUBLICKEY`, `CURLSSH_AUTH_PASSWORD`, `CURLSSH_AUTH_HOST`, `CURLSSH_AUTH_KEYBOARD`. `CURLSSH_AUTH_ANY` lässt libcurl eine wählen.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.16.1.
`CURLOPT_IPRESOLVE`	Erlaubt einer Applikation auszuwählen, welche Art von IP Adressen verwendet werden, wenn Hostnamen aufgelöst werden. Dies ist nur interessant, wenn Hostnamen verwendet werden, die Adressen unter mehr als einer IP-Version auflösen; mögliche Werte sind `CURL_IPRESOLVE_WHATEVER`, `CURL_IPRESOLVE_V4`, `CURL_IPRESOLVE_V6`; Voreinstellung ist `CURL_IPRESOLVE_WHATEVER`.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.10.8.
`CURLOPT_FTP_FILEMETHOD`	Die zu verwendende Methode, um eine Datei auf einem FTP(S) Server zu erreichen. Mögliche Werte sind `CURLFTPMETHOD_MULTICWD`, `CURLFTPMETHOD_NOCWD` und `CURLFTPMETHOD_SINGLECWD`.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.15.1. Verfügbar seit PHP 5.3.0.

Für die folgenden option-Parameter sollte value ein String sein:

Option	Wert für `value`	Anmerkungen
`CURLOPT_CAINFO`	Der Name einer Datei, die ein oder mehrere Zerifikate enthält, gegen die der Peer geprüft wird. Macht nur Sinn in Verbindung mit `CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER`.	Erfodert möglicherweise einen absoluten Pfad.
`CURLOPT_CAPATH`	Ein Verzeichnis, das mehrere CA-Zertifikate enthält. Diese Option sollte In Kombination mit `CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER` genutzt werden.
`CURLOPT_COOKIE`	Der Inhalt des im HTTP-Request zu setzenden "Cookie: "-Headers Beachten Sie daß mehrere Cookies durch ein Semikolon gefolgt von einem Leerzeichen getrennt werden (z.B. "fruit=apple; colour=red")
`CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE`	Der Name einer Datei, die Cookiedaten enthält. Diese Datei kann im Netscape-Format sein oder HTTP-geformte Header enthalten. Wenn der Name eine leere Zeichenkette ist, werden keine Cookies geladen, aber die Cookie-Behandlung ist dennoch aktiviert.
`CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR`	Der Name einer Datei in der alle internen Cookies beim Schließen des Handles gespeichert werden, z.B. nach einem Aufruf von curl_close.
`CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST`	Eine benutzerdefinierte Request-Methode, die anstelle von GET oder HEAD für den HTTP-Request benutzt werden soll. Dies ist nützlich bei DELETE oder anderen unüblichen Requests. Zulässige Werte sind GET, POST, CONNECT etc. Vollständige HTTP-Requests wie GET /index.html HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n sind unzulässig! Hinweis: Führen Sie diese Anfragen nicht durch ohne sicherzugehen, daß Ihr Server die betreffenden Kommandos unterstützt.
`CURLOPT_DEFAULT_PROTOCOL`	Das Standardprotokoll, das verwendet werden soll, wenn die URL kein Schema angibt.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.45.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_DNS_INTERFACE`	Setze den Namen der Netzwerkschnittstelle, an die sich der DNS-Resolver binden soll. Dies muss ein Schnittstellenname sein (keine Adresse).	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.33.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_DNS_LOCAL_IP4`	Setze die lokale IPv4 Adresse, an die sich der Resolver binden soll. Das Argument sollte eine einzige numerische IPv4 Adresse als Zeichenkette enthalten.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.33.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_DNS_LOCAL_IP6`	Setze die lokale IPv6 Adresse, an die sich der Resolver binden soll. Das Argument sollte eine einzige numerische IPv6 Adresse als Zeichenkette enthalten.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.33.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_EGDSOCKET`	Analog `CURLOPT_RANDOM_FILE`, hier wird der Dateiname eines Entropy Gathering Daemon Socket erwartet.
`CURLOPT_ENCODING`	Der Inhalt des "Accept-Encoding: "-Headers. Damit wird das Dekodieren der Serverantwort aktiviert. Unterstützte Kodierungen sind identity, deflate und gzip. Wird ein leerer String "" gesetzt wird ein Header mit allen unterstützten Kodierungen gesetzt.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.10.
`CURLOPT_FTPPORT`	Ein String, der genutzt wird, um die IP-Adresse zu erlangen, die von der FTP-PORT-Anweisung genutzt wird. Die PORT-Anweisung teilt dem entfernten Server mit, zu der angegebenen IP-Adresse zu verbinden. Der String kann eine einfache IP-Addresse, ein Hostname, der Name eines Netzwerkinterfaces (unter Unix) oder nur '-' sein, um die vordefinierte IP-Addresse (des Systems) zu nutzen.
`CURLOPT_INTERFACE`	Der Name des zu nutzenden Netzwerkinterfaces für ausgehende Daten. Statt des Namens des Interfaces kann auch eine IP-Adresse oder ein Hostname übergeben werden.
`CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD`	Das erforderliche Passwort, um die privaten `CURLOPT_SSLKEY` oder `CURLOPT_SSH_PRIVATE_KEYFILE` Schlüssel zu verwenden.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.16.1.
`CURLOPT_KRB4LEVEL`	Die KRB4 (Kerberos 4) Sicherheitsstufe. Folgende Werte (von niedriger zu höherer Stufe) sind gültig: clear, safe, confidential, private. Sollte der String keinen dieser Werte enthalten dann wird die höchste Stufe genutzt, d.h private. Sollte diese Option mit dem Wert NULL besetzt werden, wird KRB4 Security deaktiviert. Bislang wird KRB4 nur unter Verwendung des FTP unterstützt.
`CURLOPT_LOGIN_OPTIONS`	Kann verwendet werden, um Protokoll spezifische Anmeldeoptionen, wie den bevorzugten Authentifizierungsmechanismus per "AUTH=NUM" oder "AUTH=", zu setzen, und sollte in Verbindung mit der `CURLOPT_USERNAME`* Option verwendet werden.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.34.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_PINNEDPUBLICKEY`	Setze den pinned öffentlichen Schlüssel. Die Zeichenkette kann der Dateiname des pinned öffentlichen Schlüssels sein. Das erwartete Dateiformat ist "PEM" oder "DER". Die Zeichenkette kann ebenfalls eine beliebige Anzahl von base64 kodierten SHA-256 Hashes sein, denen "sha256//" vorangestellt ist, und die durch ";" getrennt sind.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.39.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS`	Die in einem HTTP-POST-Request zu nutzenden Daten. Um eine Datei zu posten stellen Sie dem Dateinamen @ voran; bitte geben Sie den vollen Pfad zur Datei an. Der Dateityp kann explizit dadurch angegeben werden, dass dem Dateinamen der Type im Format ';type=mimetype' nachgestellt wird. Als Wert für diesen Parameter kann entweder ein URL-kodierter String übergeben werden wie z.B. 'para1=val1&para2=val2&...' oder ein Array, wobei die Feldnamen als Schlüssel und die Felddaten als Wert verwendet werden. Wird ein Array für `value` dann wird der Content-Type-Header auf multipart/form-data gesetzt. Beginnend mit PHP 5.2.0 muss `value` ein Array sein, wenn Dateien mit dem @-Präfix an diese Option übergeben werden Beginned mit PHP 5.5.0 gilt das @-Präfix als veraltet, und Dateien können mit CURLFile gesendet werden. Das @-Präfix kann deaktiviert werden, um die sichere Übergabe von Werten, die mit @ beginnen, zu gewährleisten, indem `CURLOPT_SAFE_UPLOAD` auf `TRUE` gesetzt wird.
`CURLOPT_PRIVATE`	Beliebige Daten, die mit diesem cURL-Handle assoziert werden sollen. Diese Daten können in der Folge mit der `CURLINFO_PRIVATE` Option von curl_getinfo() abgerufen werden. cURL tut sonst nichts mit diesen Daten. Bei cURL-Multi-Handles sind diese privaten Daten typischerweise ein eindeutiger Schlüssel, um ein Standard-cURL-Handle zu identifizieren.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.10.3.
`CURLOPT_PROXY`	Der HTTP-Proxy, durch den Requests getunnelt werden sollen.
`CURLOPT_PROXY_SERVICE_NAME`	Der Name des Proxy-Authentifizierungsdienstes.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.34.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD`	Benutzername und Passwort in der Form "[benutzername]:[passwort]" für die Proxy-Verbindung.
`CURLOPT_RANDOM_FILE`	Ein Dateiname der zur Initialisierung des Zufallsgenerators für SSL benutzt wird.
`CURLOPT_RANGE`	Bereiche an Daten, die empfangen werden sollen. Das Format sollte "X-Y" sein, wobei X oder Y optional sind. HTTP-Transfers unterstützen auch mehrere Komma-getrennte Intervalle im Format "X-Y,N-M".
`CURLOPT_REFERER`	Der Inhalt des "Referer: "-Headers
`CURLOPT_SERVICE_NAME`	Der Name des Authentifizierungsdienstes.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.43.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_SSH_HOST_PUBLIC_KEY_MD5`	Eine Zeichenkette, die 32 hexadezimale Ziffern enthält. Die Zeichenkette sollte die MD5 Prüfsumme des öffentlichen Schlüssels des Remote-Hosts sein. libcurl wird die Verbindung zum Host zurückweisen, falls die Prüfsummen nicht übereinstimmen. Diese Option gilt nur für SCP und SFTP Übertragungen.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.17.1.
`CURLOPT_SSH_PUBLIC_KEYFILE`	Der Dateiname des öffentlichen Schlüssels. Wenn nicht gesetzt, nimmt libcurl $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa.pub an, falls die HOME Umgebungsvariable gesetzt ist, und andernfalls "id_dsa.pub" im aktuellen Verzeichnis.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.16.1.
`CURLOPT_SSH_PRIVATE_KEYFILE`	Der Dateiname des privaten Schlüssels. Wenn nicht gesetzt, nimmt libcurl $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa an, falls die HOME Umgebungsvariable gesetzt ist, und andernfalls "id_dsa" im aktuellen Verzeichnis. Wenn die Datei passwort geschützt ist, muss das Passwort mit `CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD` bestimmt werden.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.16.1.
`CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST`	Eine Liste der für SSL zulässigen Chiffren. RC4-SHA und TLSv1 sind zulässig.
`CURLOPT_SSLCERT`	Der Name einer Datei die ein Zertifikat im PEM-Format enthält.
`CURLOPT_SSLCERTPASSWD`	Das Passwort für das `CURLOPT_SSLCERT`-Zertifikat.
`CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE`	Das Format des Zertifikats. Unterstützt werden PEM (Standard), DER und ENG.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.9.3.
`CURLOPT_SSLENGINE`	Der Bezeichner für die Crypto Engine des privaten SSL-Schlüssels, der in `CURLOPT_SSLKEY` definiert ist.
`CURLOPT_SSLENGINE_DEFAULT`	Der Bezeichner für die Crypto-Engine für asymmetrische kryptographische Operationen.
`CURLOPT_SSLKEY`	Der Name einer Datei, die einen privaten SSL-Schlüssel enthält.
`CURLOPT_SSLKEYPASSWD`	Das geheime Passwort das für den in `CURLOPT_SSLKEY` definierten privaten SSL-Schlüssel. Hinweis: Da diese Option sensible Daten enthält sollte das PHP-Script in einer sicheren Umgebung liegen.
`CURLOPT_SSLKEYTYPE`	Der Typ des in `CURLOPT_SSLKEY` definierten privaten SSL-Schlüssels. Unterstützte Schlüssel-Typen sind PEM (Standard), DER und ENG.
`CURLOPT_UNIX_SOCKET_PATH`	Aktiviert die Verwendung von Unix-Domain-Sockets als Verbindsendpunkt, und setzt den Pfad auf den angegebenen String.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.40.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_URL`	Der abzurufende URL; kann auch beim initialisieren der Session mittels curl_init() gesetzt werden.
`CURLOPT_USERAGENT`	Der Wert des "User-Agent: "-Headers für den HTTP-Request
`CURLOPT_USERNAME`	Der für die Authentifizierung zu verwendende Benutzername.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.19.1. Verfügbar seit PHP 5.5.0.
`CURLOPT_USERPWD`	Benutzername und Passwort im Format "[benutzername]:[passwort]"
`CURLOPT_XOAUTH2_BEARER`	Gibt das OAuth 2.0 Access-Token an.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.33.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.

Für die folgenden option-Parameter sollte value ein Array sein:

Option	Wert für `value`	Anmerkungen
`CURLOPT_CONNECT_TO`	Verbinde zu einem bestimmten Host und Port anstatt dem Host und Port, der in der URL angegeben ist. Erwartet ein Array von Zeichenketten im Format HOST:PORT:CONNECT-TO-HOST:CONNECT-TO-PORT.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.49.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_HTTP200ALIASES`	Ein Array von HTTP-200-Status die als gültige Antoworten und nicht als Fehler behandelt werden.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.10.3.
`CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER`	Ein Array von HTTP-Headern, im Format `array('Content-type: text/plain', 'Content-length: 100')`
`CURLOPT_POSTQUOTE`	Ein Array von FTP-Kommandos, die nach dem FTP-Request auf dem Server ausgeführt werden sollen.
`CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER`	Ein Array von benutzerdefinierten HTTP-Headern, die an Proxies gesendet werden sollen.	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.37.0. Verfügbar seit PHP 7.0.7.
`CURLOPT_QUOTE`	Ein Array von FTP-Kommandos, die vor dem FTP-Request auf dem Server ausgeführt werden sollen.
`CURLOPT_RESOLVE`	Nutze eine benutzerdefinierte Adresse für eine bestimmte Host und Port-Kombination Ein Array von Hostname-, Port- und IP-Adressen-Zeichenketten, wobei jedes Element durch einen Doppelpunkt getrennt ist; im Format: `array("example.com:80:127.0.0.1")`	Hinzugefügt in cURL 7.21.3. Verfügbar seit PHP 5.5.0.

Für die folgenden option-Parameter sollte value eine Stream-Resource sein, so wie sie z.B. mittels fopen() erstellt werden kann

Option	Wert für `value`
`CURLOPT_FILE`	Die Datei, in die der Transfer geschrieben werden soll. Standard ist STDOUT (der Browser).
`CURLOPT_INFILE`	Die Datei die zum Upload gelesen werden soll.
`CURLOPT_STDERR`	Eine Datei, in die Fehler ausgegeben werden, alternativ zu STDERR.
`CURLOPT_WRITEHEADER`	In diese Datei werden die Header eines Transfers geschrieben.

Für die folgenden option-Parameter sollte value der Name einer gültigen Funktion oder eine Closure sein.

Option	Wert für `value`
`CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION`	Ein Callback, der zwei Parameter erwartet. Der erste ist die cURL-Resource, der zweite ist ein String mit den zu schreibenden Headern. Bei Nutzung dieser Callback-Funktion liegt die Verantwortung für das Schreiben der Header bei Ihnen. Die Funktion sollte die Anzahl der geschriebenen Bytes zurückgeben.
`CURLOPT_PASSWDFUNCTION`	Ein Callback, der drei Parameter erwartet. Der erste ist die cURL-Resource, der zweite ein String der ein Passwort-Prompt enthält, der dritte Parameter enthält die maximal zulässige Länge des Passworts. Die Funktion sollte das Passwort als String zurückgeben.
`CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION`	Ein Callback, die fünf Parameter erwartet. Der erste ist die cURL-Resource, der zweite ist die erwartete Gesamtanzahl von Bytes, die in dieser Übertragung herunter geladen werden, der dritte ist die Anzahl von Bytes die bisher herunter geladen wurden, der vierte ist die erwartete Gesamtanzahl von Bytes, die bei dieser Übertragung hoch geladen werden, und der fünfte ist die Anzahl von Bytes, die bisher hoch geladen wurden. Hinweis: Der Callback wird nur aufgerufen, wenn die `CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS` Option auf `FALSE` gesetzt ist. Ein Rückgabewert ungleich 0 bricht die Übertragung ab. In diesem Fall setzt der Transfer einen `CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK` Fehler.
`CURLOPT_READFUNCTION`	Ein Callback, der drei Parameter erwartet. Der erste ist die cURL- Resource, der zweite ist eine Stream-Resource, die cURL durch die Option `CURLOPT_INFILE` zur Verfügung gestellt wird, und der dritte ist die Höchstmenge von Daten die gelesen werden. Der Callback muss eine Zeichenkette mit einer Länge gleich oder kleiner als der angeforderten Datenmenge zurückgeben, typischerweise durch Lesen von der übergebenen Stream-Resource. Er soll eine leere Zeichenkette zurückgeben, um EOF zu signalisieren.
`CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION`	Ein Callback, der zwei Parameter erwartet. Der erste ist die cURL-Resource, der zweite ist ein String mit den zu schreibenden Daten. Bei Nutzung dieser Callback-Funktion liegt die Verantwortung für das Speichern der Daten bei Ihnen. Die Funktion muss die genaue Anzahl geschriebener Bytes zurückgeben!

Andere Werte:

Option	Wert für `value`
`CURLOPT_SHARE`	Ein Ergebnis von curl_share_init(). Veranlasst das cURL-Handle die Daten des geteilten Handle zu verwenden.

Rückgabewerte

Gibt bei Erfolg TRUE zurück. Im Fehlerfall wird FALSE zurückgegeben.

Changelog

Version	Beschreibung
7.0.7	`CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2`, `CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE`, `CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2TLS`, `CURL_REDIR_POST_301`, `CURL_REDIR_POST_302`, `CURL_REDIR_POST_303`, `CURL_REDIR_POST_ALL`, `CURL_VERSION_KERBEROS5`, `CURL_VERSION_PSL`, `CURL_VERSION_UNIX_SOCKETS`, `CURLAUTH_NEGOTIATE`, `CURLAUTH_NTLM_WB`, `CURLFTP_CREATE_DIR`, `CURLFTP_CREATE_DIR_NONE`, `CURLFTP_CREATE_DIR_RETRY`, `CURLHEADER_SEPARATE`, `CURLHEADER_UNIFIED`, `CURLMOPT_CHUNK_LENGTH_PENALTY_SIZE`, `CURLMOPT_CONTENT_LENGTH_PENALTY_SIZE`, `CURLMOPT_MAX_HOST_CONNECTIONS`, `CURLMOPT_MAX_PIPELINE_LENGTH`, `CURLMOPT_MAX_TOTAL_CONNECTIONS`, `CURLOPT_CONNECT_TO`, `CURLOPT_DEFAULT_PROTOCOL`, `CURLOPT_DNS_INTERFACE`, `CURLOPT_DNS_LOCAL_IP4`, `CURLOPT_DNS_LOCAL_IP6`, `CURLOPT_EXPECT_100_TIMEOUT_MS`, `CURLOPT_HEADEROPT`, `CURLOPT_LOGIN_OPTIONS`, `CURLOPT_PATH_AS_IS`, `CURLOPT_PINNEDPUBLICKEY`, `CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT`, `CURLOPT_PROXY_SERVICE_NAME`, `CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER`, `CURLOPT_SASL_IR`, `CURLOPT_SERVICE_NAME`, `CURLOPT_SSL_ENABLE_ALPN`, `CURLOPT_SSL_ENABLE_NPN`, `CURLOPT_SSL_FALSESTART`, `CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYSTATUS`, `CURLOPT_STREAM_WEIGHT`, `CURLOPT_TCP_FASTOPEN`, `CURLOPT_TFTP_NO_OPTIONS`, `CURLOPT_UNIX_SOCKET_PATH`, `CURLOPT_XOAUTH2_BEARER`, `CURLPROTO_SMB`, `CURLPROTO_SMBS`, `CURLPROXY_HTTP_1_0`, `CURLSSH_AUTH_AGENT` und `CURLSSLOPT_NO_REVOKE` wurden eingeführt.
7.0.0	Die Unterstützung für die Deaktivierung der `CURLOPT_SAFE_UPLOAD` Option wurde entfernt. Alle cURL Datei-Uploads müssen nun CURLFile verwenden.
5.6.0	`CURLOPT_SAFE_UPLOAD` ist nun per Voreinstellung `TRUE`.
5.6.0	`CURLOPT_CLOSEPOLICY` und begleitende Werte wurden entfernt.
5.5.0	Die cURL-Resource wurde als erstes Argument zum `CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION` Callback hinzugefügt.
5.5.0	`CURLOPT_SHARE` wurde eingeführt.
5.3.0	`CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION` wurde eingeführt.
5.2.10	Es wurden `CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS` und `CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS` eingeführt.
5.2.4	Es wurde `CURLOPT_PRIVATE` eingeführt.
5.1.0	Es wurden `CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER`, `CURLOPT_BINARYTRANSFER`, `CURLOPT_FTPSSLAUTH`, `CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH` und `CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION` eingeführt.
5.0.0	Es wurden `CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPRT`, `CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL`, `CURLOPT_UNRESTRICTED_AUTH`, `CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE`, `CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH`, `CURLOPT_PROXYPORT`, `CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE`, `CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE` und `CURLOPT_HTTP200ALIASES` eingeführt.

Beispiele

Beispiel #1 Initialisierung einer neuen cURL-Session und das Abrufen einer Webseite


<?php
// erzeuge einen neuen cURL-Handle
$ch = curl_init();

// setze die URL und andere Optionen
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.example.com/");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, false);

// führe die Aktion aus und gebe die Daten an den Browser weiter
curl_exec($ch);

// schließe den cURL-Handle und gebe die Systemresourcen frei
curl_close($ch);
?>

Beispiel #2 Datei-Upload (missbilligt von PHP 5.5.0 an)


<?php

/* http://localhost/upload.php:
print_r($_POST);
print_r($_FILES);
*/

$ch = curl_init();

$data = array('name' => 'Foo', 'file' => '@/home/user/test.png');

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://localhost/upload.php');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SAFE_UPLOAD, false); // erfoderlich von PHP 5.6.0 an
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);

curl_exec($ch);
?>

Das oben gezeigte Beispiel erzeugt folgende Ausgabe:

Array
(
    [name] => Foo
)
Array
(
    [file] => Array
        (
            [name] => test.png
            [type] => image/png
            [tmp_name] => /tmp/phpcpjNeQ
            [error] => 0
            [size] => 279
        )

)

Anmerkungen

Hinweis:
Ein für CURLOPT_POST übergebenes Array wird als multipart/form-data, ein URL-kodierter String als application/x-www-form-urlencoded kodiert.

Siehe auch

curl_setopt_array() - Mehrere Optionen für einen cURL-Transfer setzen

add a note

User Contributed Notes 146 notes

down

177

rmckay at webaware dot com dot au ¶

6 years ago


Please everyone, stop setting CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER to false or 0. If your PHP installation doesn't have an up-to-date CA root certificate bundle, download the one at the curl website and save it on your server:

http://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html

Then set a path to it in your php.ini file, e.g. on Windows:

curl.cainfo=c:\php\cacert.pem

Turning off CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER allows man in the middle (MITM) attacks, which you don't want!

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joey ¶

2 years ago


It is important that anyone working with cURL and PHP keep in mind that not all of the CURLOPT and CURLINFO constants are documented. I always recommend reading the cURL documentation directly as it sometimes contains better information. The cURL API in tends to be fubar as well so do not expect things to be where you would normally logically look for them.

curl is especially difficult to work with when it comes to cookies. So I will talk about what I found with PHP 5.6 and curl 7.26.

If you want to manage cookies in memory without using files including reading, writing and clearing custom cookies then continue reading.

To start with, the way to enable in memory only cookies associated with a cURL handle you should use:

    curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "");

cURL likes to use magic strings in options as special commands. Rather than having an option to enable the cookie engine in memory it uses a magic string to do that. Although vaguely the documentation here mentions this however most people like me wouldn't even read that because a COOKIEFILE is the complete opposite of what we want.

To get the cookies for a curl handle you can use:

    curl_getinfo($curl, CURLINFO_COOKIELIST);

This will give an array containing a string for each cookie. It is tab delimited and unfortunately you will have to parse it yourself if you want to do anything beyond copying the cookies.

To clear the in memory cookies for a cURL handle you can use:

    curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIELIST, "ALL");

This is a magic string. There are others in the cURL documentation. If a magic string isn't used, this field should take a cookie in the same string format as in getinfo for the cookielist constant. This can be used to delete individual cookies although it's not the most elegant API for doing so.

For copying cookies I recommend using curl_share_init.

You can also copy cookies from one handle to another like so:

    foreach(curl_getinfo($curl_a, CURLINFO_COOKIELIST) as $cookie_line)
        curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIELIST, $cookie_line);

An inelegant way to delete a cookie would be to skip the one you don't want. 

I only recommend using COOKIELIST with magic strings because the cookie format is not secure or stable. You can inject tabs into at least path and name so it becomes impossible to parse reliably. If you must parse this then to keep it secure I recommend prohibiting more than 6 tabs in the content which probably isn't a big loss to most people.

A the absolute minimum for validation I would suggest:

    /^([^\t]+\t){5}[^\t]+$/D

Here is the format:

    #define SEP  "\t"  /* Tab separates the fields */
 
    char *my_cookie =
      "example.com"    /* Hostname */
      SEP "FALSE"      /* Include subdomains */
      SEP "/"          /* Path */
      SEP "FALSE"      /* Secure */
      SEP "0"          /* Expiry in epoch time format. 0 == Session */
      SEP "foo"        /* Name */
      SEP "bar";       /* Value */

down

Philippe dot Jausions at 11abacus dot com ¶

12 years ago


Clarification on the callback methods:

- CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION is for handling header lines received *in the response*,
- CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION is for handling data received *from the response*,
- CURLOPT_READFUNCTION is for handling data passed along *in the request*.

The callback "string" can be any callable function, that includes the array(&$obj, 'someMethodName') format.

 -Philippe

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Ed Cradock ¶

9 years ago


PUT requests are very simple, just make sure to specify a content-length header and set post fields as a string.



Example:



<?php

function doPut($url, $fields)

{

   $fields = (is_array($fields)) ? http_build_query($fields) : $fields;



   if($ch = curl_init($url))

   {

      curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'PUT');

      curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

      curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Length: ' . strlen($fields)));

      curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $fields);

      curl_exec($ch);



      $status = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);



      curl_close($ch);



      return (int) $status;

   }

   else

   {

      return false;

   }

}



if(doPut('http://example.com/api/a/b/c', array('foo' => 'bar')) == 200)

   // do something

else

   // do something else.

?>



You can grab the request data on the other side with:



<?php

if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'PUT')

{

   parse_str(file_get_contents('php://input'), $requestData);



   // Array ( [foo] => bar )

   print_r($requestData);



   // Do something with data...

}

?>



DELETE  can be done in exactly the same way.

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c00lways at gmail dot com ¶

10 years ago


if you would like to send xml request to a server (lets say, making a soap proxy),

you have to set



<?php

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, Array("Content-Type: text/xml"));

?>



makesure you watch for cache issue:

the below code will prevent cache...



<?php

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, 1);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT, 1);

?>



hope it helps ;)

down

dweingart at pobox dot com ¶

15 years ago


If you want to Curl to follow redirects and you would also like Curl to echo back any cookies that are set in the process, use this:



<?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, '-'); ?>



'-' means stdout



-dw

down

jade dot skaggs at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago


After much struggling, I managed to get a SOAP request requiring HTTP authentication to work.  Here's some source that will hopefully be useful to others. 



         <?php



         $credentials = "username:password";

         

         // Read the XML to send to the Web Service

         $request_file = "./SampleRequest.xml";

        $fh = fopen($request_file, 'r');

        $xml_data = fread($fh, filesize($request_file));

        fclose($fh);

                

        $url = "http://www.example.com/services/calculation";

        $page = "/services/calculation";

        $headers = array(

            "POST ".$page." HTTP/1.0",

            "Content-type: text/xml;charset=\"utf-8\"",

            "Accept: text/xml",

            "Cache-Control: no-cache",

            "Pragma: no-cache",

            "SOAPAction: \"run\"",

            "Content-length: ".strlen($xml_data),

            "Authorization: Basic " . base64_encode($credentials)

        );

       

        $ch = curl_init();

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,$url);

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60);

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $defined_vars['HTTP_USER_AGENT']);

        

        // Apply the XML to our curl call

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $xml_data); 



        $data = curl_exec($ch); 



        if (curl_errno($ch)) {

            print "Error: " . curl_error($ch);

        } else {

            // Show me the result

            var_dump($data);

            curl_close($ch);

        }



?>

down

badman ¶

5 years ago


Many hosters use PHP safe_mode or/and open_basedir, so you can't use CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION. If you try, you see message like this:
CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION cannot be activated when safe_mode is enabled or an open_basedir is set in [you script name & path] on line XXX

First, I try to use zsalab function (http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.curl-setopt.php#102121) from this page, but for some reason it did not work properly. So, I wrote my own.

It can be use instead of curl_exec. If server HTTP response codes is 30x, function will forward the request as long as the response is not different from 30x (for example, 200 Ok). Also you can use POST.

function curlExec(/* Array */$curlOptions='', /* Array */$curlHeaders='', /* Array */$postFields='')
{
  $newUrl = '';
  $maxRedirection = 10;
  do
  {
    if ($maxRedirection<1) die('Error: reached the limit of redirections');

    $ch = curl_init();
    if (!empty($curlOptions)) curl_setopt_array($ch, $curlOptions);
    if (!empty($curlHeaders)) curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $curlHeaders);
    if (!empty($postFields))
    {
      curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
      curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postFields);
    }
    
    if (!empty($newUrl)) curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $newUrl); // redirect needed
    
    $curlResult = curl_exec($ch);
    $code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);

    if ($code == 301 || $code == 302 || $code == 303 || $code == 307)
    {
      preg_match('/Location:(.*?)\n/', $curlResult, $matches);
      $newUrl = trim(array_pop($matches));
      curl_close($ch);

      $maxRedirection--;
      continue;
    }
    else // no more redirection
    {
      $code = 0;
      curl_close($ch);
    }
  }
  while($code);
  return $curlResult;
}

down

regan dot corey at gmail dot com ¶

6 years ago


I spent a couple of days trying to POST a multi-dimensional array of form fields, including a file upload, to a remote server to update a product. Here are the breakthroughs that FINALLY allowed the script to run as desired.

Firstly, the HTML form used input names like these:
<input type="text" name="product[name]" />
<input type="text" name="product[cost]" />
<input type="file" name="product[thumbnail]" />
in conjunction with two other form inputs not part of the product array
<input type="text" name="method" value="put" />
<input type="text" name="mode" />

I used several cURL options, but the only two (other than URL) that mattered were:
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields);
Pretty standard so far.
Note: headers didn't need to be set, cURL automatically sets headers (like content-type: multipart/form-data; content-length...) when you pass an array into CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS.
Note: even though this is supposed to be a PUT command through an HTTP POST form, no special PUT options needed to be passed natively through cURL. Options such as
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('X-HTTP-Method-Override: PUT', 'Content-Length: ' . strlen($fields)));
or
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_PUT, true);
or
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PUT);
were not needed to make the code work.

The fields I wanted to pass through cURL were arranged into an array something like this:
$postfields = array("method" => $_POST["method"],
                    "mode" => $_POST["mode"],
                    "product" => array("name" => $_POST["product"], 
                                        "cost" => $_POST["product"]["cost"], 
                                        "thumbnail" => "@{$_FILES["thumbnail"]["tmp_name"]};type={$_FILES["thumbnail"]["type"]}")
                    );

-Notice how the @ precedes the temporary filename, this creates a link so PHP will upload/transfer an actual file instead of just the file name, which would happen if the @ isn't included.
-Notice how I forcefully set the mime-type of the file to upload. I was having issues where images filetypes were defaulting to octet-stream instead of image/png or image/jpeg or whatever the type of the selected image.

I then tried passing $postfields straight into curl_setopt($this->handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields); but it didn't work.
I tried using http_build_query($postfields); but that didn't work properly either.
In both cases either the file wouldn't be treated as an actual file and the form data wasn't being sent properly. The problem was HTTP's methods of transmitting arrays. While PHP and other languages can figure out how to handle arrays passed via forms, HTTP isn't quite as sofisticated. I had to rewrite the $postfields array like so:
$postfields = array("method" => $_POST["method"],
                    "mode" => $_POST["mode"],
                    "product[name]" => $_POST["product"], 
                    "product[cost]" => $_POST["product"]["cost"], 
                    "product[thumbnail]" => "@{$_FILES["thumbnail"]["tmp_name"]}");
curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields);

This, without the use of http_build_query, solved all of my problems. Now the receiving host outputs both $_POST and $_FILES vars correctly.

down

PHP at RHaworth dot net ¶

7 years ago


When CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION and CURLOPT_HEADER are both true and redirect/s have happened then the header returned by curl_exec() will contain all the headers in the redirect chain in the order they were encountered.

down

anderseta at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago


If you wish to find the size of the file you are streaming and use it as your header this is how:



<?php



function write_function($curl_resource, $string)

{

    if(curl_getinfo($curl_resource, CURLINFO_SIZE_DOWNLOAD) <= 2000)

    {

        header('Expires: 0');

        header('Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0');

        header('Pragma: public');

        header('Content-Description: File Transfer');

        header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");

        header("Content-Type: ".curl_getinfo($curl_resource, CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE)."");

        header("Content-Length: ".curl_getinfo($curl_resource, CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_DOWNLOAD)."");

    }

    

    print $string;



    return mb_strlen($string, '8bit');

}



?>



1440 is the the default number of bytes curl will call the write function (BUFFERSIZE does not affect this, i actually think you can not change this value), so it means the headers are going to be set only one time.



write_function must return the exact number of bytes of the string, so you can return a value with mb_strlen.

down

sgamon at yahoo dot com ¶

10 years ago


If you are doing a POST, and the content length is 1,025 or greater, then curl exploits a feature of http 1.1: 100 (Continue) Status.

See http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec8.html#sec8.2.3

* it adds a header, "Expect: 100-continue".  
* it then sends the request head, waits for a 100 response code, then sends the content 

Not all web servers support this though.  Various errors are returned depending on the server.  If this happens to you, suppress the "Expect" header with this command:

<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Expect:'));
?>

See http://www.gnegg.ch/2007/02/the-return-of-except-100-continue/

down

Martin K. ¶

4 years ago


If you only want to enable cookie handling and you don't need to save the cookies for a separate session, just set CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE to an empty string.  I was given the advice to use php://memory but that did not seem to have the same effect.

Although this is stated in the documentation I thought it was worth reiterating since it cause me so much trouble.

down

scy-phpmanual at scytale dot name ¶

8 years ago


In order to reset CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, set it to array(). The cURL C API says you should set it to NULL, but that doesn’t work in the PHP wrapper.

down

JScott jscott401 at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago


Some additional notes for curlopt_writefunction. I struggled with this at first because it really isn't documented very well.

When you write a callback function and use it with curlopt_writefunction it will be called MULTIPLE times. Your function MUST return the ammount of data written to it each time. It is very picky about this. Here is a snippet from my code that may help you

<?php
curl_setopt($this->curl_handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, array($this, "receiveResponse"));

// later on in the class I wrote my receive Response method

private function receiveResponse($curlHandle,$xmldata)
                {
                        $this->responseString = $xmldata;
                        $this->responseXML .=  $this->responseString;
                        $this->length = strlen($xmldata);
                        $this->size += $this->length;
                        return $this->length;

                }
?>

Now I did this for a class. If you aren't doing OOP then you will obviously need to modify this for your own use.

CURL calls your script MULTIPLE times because the data will not always be sent all at once. Were talking internet here so its broken up into packets. You need to take your data and concatenate it all together until it is all written. I was about to pull my damn hair out because I would get broken chunks of XML back from the server and at random lengths. I finally figured out what was going on. Hope this helps

down

Steve Kamerman ¶

7 years ago


If you want cURL to timeout in less than one second, you can use CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS, although there is a bug/"feature"  on "Unix-like systems" that causes libcurl to timeout immediately if the value is < 1000 ms with the error "cURL Error (28): Timeout was reached".  The explanation for this behavior is:

"If libcurl is built to use the standard system name resolver, that portion of the transfer will still use full-second resolution for timeouts with a minimum timeout allowed of one second."

What this means to PHP developers is "You can use this function without testing it first, because you can't tell if libcurl is using the standard system name resolver (but you can be pretty sure it is)"

The problem is that on (Li|U)nix, when libcurl uses the standard name resolver, a SIGALRM is raised during name resolution which libcurl thinks is the timeout alarm.

The solution is to disable signals using CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL.  Here's an example script that requests itself causing a 10-second delay so you can test timeouts:

<?php
if (!isset($_GET['foo'])) {
        // Client
        $ch = curl_init('http://localhost/test/test_timeout.php?foo=bar');
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS, 200);
        $data = curl_exec($ch);
        $curl_errno = curl_errno($ch);
        $curl_error = curl_error($ch);
        curl_close($ch);

        if ($curl_errno > 0) {
                echo "cURL Error ($curl_errno): $curl_error\n";
        } else {
                echo "Data received: $data\n";
        }
} else {
        // Server
        sleep(10);
        echo "Done.";
}
?>

down

ron at ttvavanti dot nl ¶

14 years ago


If you specify a CAINFO, note that the file must be in PEM format! (If not, it won't work).
Using Openssl you can use: 
openssl x509 -in <cert> -inform d -outform PEM -out cert.pem 
To create a pem formatted certificate from a binary certificate (the one you get if you download the ca somewhere).

down

joeterranova at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago


It appears that setting CURLOPT_FILE before setting CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER doesn't work, presumably because CURLOPT_FILE depends on CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER being set.



So do this:



<?php

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fp);

?>



not this:



<?php

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fp);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

?>

down

skyogre __at__ yandex __dot__ ru ¶

13 years ago


There is really a problem of transmitting $_POST data with curl in php 4+ at least.
I improved the encoding function by Alejandro Moreno to work properly with mulltidimensional arrays.

<?php
function data_encode($data, $keyprefix = "", $keypostfix = "") {
  assert( is_array($data) );
  $vars=null;
  foreach($data as $key=>$value) {
    if(is_array($value)) $vars .= data_encode($value, $keyprefix.$key.$keypostfix.urlencode("["), urlencode("]"));
    else $vars .= $keyprefix.$key.$keypostfix."=".urlencode($value)."&";
  }
  return $vars;
}

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, substr(data_encode($_POST), 0, -1) );

?>

down

ikendra at yken dot nospam dot org ¶

13 years ago


Using cURL, I needed to call a third-party script which was returning binary data as attachment to pass on retrieved data again as attachment.



Problem was that the third-party script occassionally returned HTTP errors and I wanted to avoid passing on zero-length attachment in such case.



Combination of using CURLOPT_FAILONERROR and CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION callback helped to process the third-party script HTTP errors neatly:



<?php

function curlHeaderCallback($resURL, $strHeader) {

    if (preg_match('/^HTTP/i', $strHeader)) {

        header($strHeader);

        header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="file-name.zip"');

    }

    return strlen($strHeader);

}



$strURL = 'http://www.example.com/script-whichs-dumps-binary-attachment.php';



$resURL = curl_init();

curl_setopt($resURL, CURLOPT_URL, $strURL);

curl_setopt($resURL, CURLOPT_BINARYTRANSFER, 1);

curl_setopt($resURL, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, 'curlHeaderCallback');

curl_setopt($resURL, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);



curl_exec ($resURL);



$intReturnCode = curl_getinfo($resURL, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);

curl_close ($resURL);



if ($intReturnCode != 200) {

    print 'was error: ' . $intReturnCode;

}

?>

down

jancister at gmail dot com ¶

3 years ago


Please note that if you want to handle progress using CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION option, you need to take into consideration what version of PHP are you using. Since version 5.5.0, compatibility-breaking change was introduced in number/order of the arguments passed to the callback function, and cURL resource is now passed as first argument.

Prior to version 5.5.0:
<?php
// ...
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, 'progressCallback');
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, false);
// ...
function progressCallback($download_size = 0, $downloaded = 0, $upload_size = 0, $uploaded = 0)
{
    // Handle progress
}
?>

From version 5.5.0:
<?php
// ...
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, 'progressCallback');
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, false);
// ...
function progressCallback($resource, $download_size = 0, $downloaded = 0, $upload_size = 0, $uploaded = 0)
{
    // Handle progress
}
?>

However, if your code needs to be compatible with PHP version both before and after 5.5.0, consider adding a version check:
<?php
// ...
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, 'progressCallback');
curl_setopt($resource, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, false);
// ...
function progressCallback($resource, $download_size = 0, $downloaded = 0, $upload_size = 0, $uploaded = 0)
{
   /**
    * $resource parameter was added in version 5.5.0 breaking backwards compatibility;
    * if we are using PHP version lower than 5.5.0, we need to shift the arguments
    * @see http://php.net/manual/en/function.curl-setopt.php#refsect1-function.curl-setopt-changelog
    */
    if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.5.0') < 0) {
        $uploaded = $upload_size;
        $upload_size = $downloaded;
        $downloaded = $download_size;
        $download_size = $resource;
    }

    // Handle progress
}
?>

down

dotpointer at gmail dot com ¶

6 years ago


I noted something when using CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS in combination with arrays from PHP.



You may supply an array, but there may not be any sub-arrays in this array, as this will give Array-to-string-conversion notice.



Example:



<?php

$ch = curl_init();



# this works

$data = array('name' => 'value');



# this gives "Notice: Array to string conversion..."

$data = array('name' => array('subname' => 'subvalue'));



curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://localhost/test.php');

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);



curl_exec($ch);

?>

down

mr at coder dot tv ¶

12 years ago


Sometimes you can't use CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR and CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE becoz of the server php-settings(They say u may grab any files from server using these options). Here is the solution
1)Don't use CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION
2)Use curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1)
3)Grab from the header cookies like this:
preg_match_all('|Set-Cookie: (.*);|U', $content, $results);    
$cookies = implode(';', $results[1]);
4)Set them using curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE,  $cookies);

Good Luck, Yevgen

down

luca dot manzo at bbsitalia dot com ¶

13 years ago


If you're getting trouble with cookie handling in curl: 



- curl manages tranparently cookies in a single curl session

- the option 

<?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "/tmp/cookieFileName"); ?>



makes curl to store the cookies in a file at the and of the curl session



- the option 

<?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "/tmp/cookieFileName"); ?>



makes curl to use the given file as source for the cookies to send to the server. 



so to handle correctly cookies between different curl session, the you have to do something like this:



<?php

       $ch = curl_init(); 

       curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); 

       curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, COOKIE_FILE_PATH);

       curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, COOKIE_FILE_PATH);



       curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); 

       $result = curl_exec ($ch);

       curl_close($ch);

       return $result;

?>



in particular this is NECESSARY if you are using PEAR_SOAP libraries to build a webservice client over https and the remote server need to establish a session cookie. in fact each soap message is sent using a different curl session!!



I hope this can help someone

Luca

down

Chris at PureFormSolutions dot com ¶

9 years ago


I've found that setting CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER more than once will clear out any headers you've set previously with CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER.

Consider the following:
<?php
    # ...

    curl_setopt($cURL,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array (
        "Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8",
        "Expect: 100-continue"
    ));

    # ... do some other stuff ...

    curl_setopt($cURL,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array (
        "Accept: application/json"
    ));

    # ...
?>

Both the Content-Type and Expect I set will not be in the outgoing headers, but Accept will.

down

urkle at outoforder dot cc ¶

10 years ago


To send a post as a different content-type (ie.. application/json or text/xml) add this setopt call



<?php

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array('Content-Type: application/json'));

?>

down

Pawel Antczak ¶

9 years ago


Hello. 
During problems with "CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION cannot be activated when in safe_mode or an open_basedir is set" 
I was looking for solution. 
I've found few methods on this page, but none of them was good enough, so I made one.
<?php
function curl_redirect_exec($ch, &$redirects, $curlopt_header = false) {
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
    $data = curl_exec($ch);
    $http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
    if ($http_code == 301 || $http_code == 302) {
        list($header) = explode("\r\n\r\n", $data, 2);
        $matches = array();
        preg_match('/(Location:|URI:)(.*?)\n/', $header, $matches);
        $url = trim(array_pop($matches));
        $url_parsed = parse_url($url);
        if (isset($url_parsed)) {
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
            $redirects++;
            return curl_redirect_exec($ch, $redirects);
        }
    }
    if ($curlopt_header)
        return $data;
    else {
        list(,$body) = explode("\r\n\r\n", $data, 2);
        return $body;
    }
}
?>

Main issue in existing functions was lack of information, how many redirects was done. 
This one will count it. 
First parameter as usual. 
Second should be already initialized integer, it will be incremented by number of done redirects. 
You can set CURLOPT_HEADER if You need it.

down

fnjordy at gmail dot com ¶

10 years ago


Note that CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER when used with CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION has effectively three settings: default, true, and false.

default - callbacks will be called as expected.
true - content will be returned but callback function will not be called.
false - content will be output and callback function will not be called.

Note that CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION callbacks are always called.

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Adam Monsen ¶

7 years ago


CURLOPT_POST must be left unset if you want the Content-Type header set to "multipart/form-data" (e.g., when CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS is an array). If you set CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS to an array and have CURLOPT_POST set to TRUE, Content-Length will be -1 and most sane servers will reject the request. If you set CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS to an array and have CURLOPT_POST set to FALSE, cURL will send a GET request.

down

zsalab ¶

8 years ago


Handling redirections with curl if safe_mode or open_basedir is enabled. The function working transparent, no problem with header and returntransfer options. You can handle the max redirection with the optional second argument (the function is set the variable to zero if max redirection exceeded).

Second parameter values:

- maxredirect is null or not set: redirect maximum five time, after raise PHP warning

- maxredirect is greather then zero: no raiser error, but parameter variable set to zero

- maxredirect is less or equal zero: no follow redirections



<?php

function curl_exec_follow(/*resource*/ $ch, /*int*/ &$maxredirect = null) {

    $mr = $maxredirect === null ? 5 : intval($maxredirect);

    if (ini_get('open_basedir') == '' && ini_get('safe_mode' == 'Off')) {

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, $mr > 0);

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS, $mr);

    } else {

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, false);

        if ($mr > 0) {

            $newurl = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL);



            $rch = curl_copy_handle($ch);

            curl_setopt($rch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);

            curl_setopt($rch, CURLOPT_NOBODY, true);

            curl_setopt($rch, CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, false);

            curl_setopt($rch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

            do {

                curl_setopt($rch, CURLOPT_URL, $newurl);

                $header = curl_exec($rch);

                if (curl_errno($rch)) {

                    $code = 0;

                } else {

                    $code = curl_getinfo($rch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);

                    if ($code == 301 || $code == 302) {

                        preg_match('/Location:(.*?)\n/', $header, $matches);

                        $newurl = trim(array_pop($matches));

                    } else {

                        $code = 0;

                    }

                }

            } while ($code && --$mr);

            curl_close($rch);

            if (!$mr) {

                if ($maxredirect === null) {

                    trigger_error('Too many redirects. When following redirects, libcurl hit the maximum amount.', E_USER_WARNING);

                } else {

                    $maxredirect = 0;

                }

                return false;

            }

            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $newurl);

        }

    }

    return curl_exec($ch);

}

?>

down

rob at infoglobe dot net ¶

11 years ago


Options not included in the above, but that work (Taken from the libcurl.a C documentation)

CURLOPT_FTP_SSL 

Pass a long using one of the values from below, to make libcurl use your desired level of SSL for the ftp transfer. (Added in 7.11.0) 

CURLFTPSSL_NONE 

Don't attempt to use SSL. 

CURLFTPSSL_TRY 

Try using SSL, proceed as normal otherwise. 

CURLFTPSSL_CONTROL 

Require SSL for the control connection or fail with CURLE_FTP_SSL_FAILED. 

CURLFTPSSL_ALL 

Require SSL for all communication or fail with CURLE_FTP_SSL_FAILED.

down

heyrocker at yahoo dot com ¶

12 years ago


The examples below for HTTP file upload work great, but I wanted to be able to post multiple files through HTTP upload using HTML arrays as specified in example 38.3 at



http://php.net/features.file-upload



In this case, you need to set the arrays AND keys in the $post_data, it will not work with just the array names. The following example shows how this works:



<?php



    $post_data = array();

    

    $post_data['pictures[0]'] = "@cat.jpg";

    $post_data['pictures[1]'] = "@dog.jpg";

    



    $ch = curl_init();

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://example.com/my_url.php" ); 

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1 );

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post_data);

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

    $postResult = curl_exec($ch);



    if (curl_errno($ch)) {

       print curl_error($ch);

    }

    curl_close($ch);

    print "$postResult";

?>

down

Aaron Wells ¶

4 years ago


If you use cURL to fetch user-supplied URLs (for instance, in a web-based RSS aggregator), be aware of the risk of server-side request forgery (SSRF). This is an attack where the user takes advantage of the fact that cURL requests are sent from the web server itself, to reach network locations they wouldn't be able to reach from outside the network.

For instance, they could enter a "http://localhost" URL, and access things on the web server via "localhost". Or, "ftp://localhost". cURL supports a lot of protocols!

If you are using CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, the malicious URL could be in a redirect from the original request. cURL also will follow redirect headers to other protocols! (303 See Other; Location: ftp://localhost).

So if you're using cURL with user-supplied URLs, at the very least use CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS (which also sets CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS), and either disable CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION or use the "SafeCurl" library to safely follow redirects.

down

yann dot corno at free dot fr ¶

16 years ago


About the CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER option, it took me some time to figure out how to format the so-called 'Array'. It fact, it is a list of strings. If Curl was already defining a header item, yours will replace it. Here is an example to change the Content Type in a POST:



<?php curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, Array("Content-Type: text/xml")); ?>



Yann

down

Madcat ¶

5 years ago


If you have a mixture of strings starting with @ (at character) and files in CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS you have a problem (such as posting a tweet with attached media) because curl tries to interpret anything starting with @ as a file.

<?php

$postfields = array(
    'upload_file' => '@file_to_upload.png',
    'upload_text' => '@text_to_upload'
);

$curl = curl_init();
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://example.com/upload-test');
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields);
curl_exec($curl);
curl_close($curl);

?>

To get around this, prepend the text string with the NULL character like so:

<?php
    $postfields = array(
        'upload_file' => '@file_to_upload.png',
        'upload_text' => sprintf("\0%s", '@text_to_upload')
    );
?>

Original source: http://bit.ly/AntMle

down

saidk at phirebranding dot com ¶

10 years ago


Passing in PHP's $_SESSION into your cURL call:



<?php

session_start();

$strCookie = 'PHPSESSID=' . $_COOKIE['PHPSESSID'] . '; path=/';

session_write_close();



$curl_handle = curl_init('enter_external_url_here');

curl_setopt( $curl_handle, CURLOPT_COOKIE, $strCookie );

curl_exec($curl_handle);

curl_close($curl_handle);

?>



This worked great for me.  I was calling pages from the same server and needed to keep the $_SESSION variables.  This passes them over.  If you want to test, just print_r($_SESSION);



Enjoy!

down

S\ ¶

8 years ago


When using CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS with an array as parameter, you have to pay high attention to user input. Unvalidated user input will lead to serious security issues.

<?php

/**
 * test.php:
 */
$ch = curl_init('http://example.com');

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array(
    'foo' => $_GET['bar']
));

curl_exec($ch);

?>

Requesting "test.php?bar=@/home/user/test.png" will send "test.png" to example.com. 
Make sure you remove the leading "@" from user input.

down

Ojas Ojasvi ¶

11 years ago


<?php

/*

* Author: Ojas Ojasvi

* Released: September 25, 2007

* Description: An example of the disguise_curl() function in order to grab contents from a website while remaining fully camouflaged by using a fake user agent and fake headers.

*/



$url = 'http://www.php.net';



// disguises the curl using fake headers and a fake user agent.

function disguise_curl($url)

{

  $curl = curl_init();



  // Setup headers - I used the same headers from Firefox version 2.0.0.6

  // below was split up because php.net said the line was too long. :/

  $header[0] = "Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,";

  $header[0] .= "text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5";

  $header[] = "Cache-Control: max-age=0";

  $header[] = "Connection: keep-alive";

  $header[] = "Keep-Alive: 300";

  $header[] = "Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7";

  $header[] = "Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5";

  $header[] = "Pragma: "; // browsers keep this blank.



  curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);

  curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'Googlebot/2.1 (+http://www.google.com/bot.html)');

  curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $header);

  curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_REFERER, 'http://www.google.com');

  curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, 'gzip,deflate');

  curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_AUTOREFERER, true);

  curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

  curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10);



  $html = curl_exec($curl); // execute the curl command

  curl_close($curl); // close the connection



  return $html; // and finally, return $html

}



// uses the function and displays the text off the website

$text = disguise_curl($url);

echo $text;

?>



Ojas Ojasvi

down

Richard ¶

4 years ago


CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_0 (4), CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_1 (5) or CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2 (6) only work for PHP versions using curl 7.34 or newer.

down

gskluzacek at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago


FYI... unless you specifically set the user agent, no user agent will be sent in your request as there is no default value like some of the other options.

As others have said, not sending a user agent may cause you to not  get the results that you expected, e.g., 0 byte length content, different content, etc.

down

ashw1 - at - no spam - post - dot - cz ¶

11 years ago


In case you wonder how come, that cookies don't work under Windows, I've googled for some answers, and here is the result: Under WIN you need to input absolute path of the cookie file.



This piece of code solves it:



<?php



if ($cookies != '')

    {

    if (substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3) == 'WIN')

        {$cookies = str_replace('\\','/', getcwd().'/'.$cookies);}

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $cookies);

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $cookies);

    }



?>

down

php at miggy dot org ¶

12 years ago


Note that if you want to use a proxy and use it as a _cache_, you'll have to do:



<?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("Pragma: ")); ?>



else by default Curl puts a "Pragma: no-cache" header in and thus force cache misses for all requests.

down

tim dot php at ebw dot ca ¶

15 years ago


The page http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt.html at the cURL site has a list of all the CURLOPTS, including many not mentioned here. Also see http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/php/examples/ for cURL examples in PHP.

down

m at mar dot lt ¶

6 years ago


Be careful when changing CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST or other options to true (boolean). It may cause insecure behavior [1]



This is because boolean true casts into integer 1, and CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST = 1 is not secure behavior.



The *correct* value here is CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST = 2. By setting this value equal to 1 the peer certificate must contain a Common Name field, but it doesn't matter what name it says.



[1] Martin Georgiev and Subodh Iyengar and Suman Jana and Rishita Anubhai and Dan Boneh and Vitaly Shmatikov, The most dangerous code in the world: validating SSL certificates in non-browser software, ACM CCS '12, pp. 38-49, 2012

down

eion at bigfoot dot com ¶

12 years ago


If you are trying to use CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION and you get this warning:
Warning: curl_setopt() [function.curl-setopt]: CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION cannot be activated when in safe_mode or an open_basedir is set...

then you will want to read http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-4.php which says "Disabled CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION in curl when open_basedir or safe_mode are enabled." as of PHP 4.4.4/5.1.5.  This is due to the fact that curl is not part of PHP and doesn't know the values of open_basedir or safe_mode, so you could comprimise your webserver operating in safe_mode by redirecting (using header('Location: ...')) to "file://" urls, which curl would have gladly retrieved.

Until the curl extension is changed in PHP or curl (if it ever will) to deal with "Location:" headers, here is a far from perfect remake of the curl_exec function that I am using.

Since there's no curl_getopt function equivalent, you'll have to tweak the function to make it work for your specific use.  As it is here, it returns the body of the response and not the header.  It also doesn't deal with redirection urls with username and passwords in them.

<?php
    function curl_redir_exec($ch)
    {
        static $curl_loops = 0;
        static $curl_max_loops = 20;
        if ($curl_loops++ >= $curl_max_loops)
        {
            $curl_loops = 0;
            return FALSE;
        }
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
        $data = curl_exec($ch);
        list($header, $data) = explode("\n\n", $data, 2);
        $http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
        if ($http_code == 301 || $http_code == 302)
        {
            $matches = array();
            preg_match('/Location:(.*?)\n/', $header, $matches);
            $url = @parse_url(trim(array_pop($matches)));
            if (!$url)
            {
                //couldn't process the url to redirect to
                $curl_loops = 0;
                return $data;
            }
            $last_url = parse_url(curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL));
            if (!$url['scheme'])
                $url['scheme'] = $last_url['scheme'];
            if (!$url['host'])
                $url['host'] = $last_url['host'];
            if (!$url['path'])
                $url['path'] = $last_url['path'];
            $new_url = $url['scheme'] . '://' . $url['host'] . $url['path'] . ($url['query']?'?'.$url['query']:'');
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $new_url);
            debug('Redirecting to', $new_url);
            return curl_redir_exec($ch);
        } else {
            $curl_loops=0;
            return $data;
        }
    }
?>

down

xektrum at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago


As of php 5.3 CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION its supported here's how:

<?php

function callback($download_size, $downloaded, $upload_size, $uploaded)
{
    // do your progress stuff here
}

$ch = curl_init('http://www.example.com');

// This is required to curl give us some progress
// if this is not set to false the progress function never
// gets called
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, false);

// Set up the callback
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, 'callback');

// Big buffer less progress info/callbacks
// Small buffer more progress info/callbacks
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_BUFFERSIZE, 128);

$data = curl_exec($ch);

?>

Hope this help.

down

Dustin Hawkins ¶

13 years ago


To further expand upon use of CURLOPT_CAPATH and CURLOPT_CAINFO...

In my case I wanted to prevent curl from talking to any HTTPS server except my own using a self signed certificate. To do this, you'll need openssl installed and access to the HTTPS Server Certificate (server.crt by default on apache)

You can then use a command simiar to this to translate your apache certificate into one that curl likes.

$ openssl x509 -in server.crt -out outcert.pem -text

Then set CURLOPT_CAINFO equal to the the full path to outcert.pem and turn on CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER.

If you want to use the CURLOPT_CAPATH option, you should create a directory for all the valid certificates you have created, then use the c_rehash script that is included with openssl to "prepare" the directory.

If you dont use the c_rehash utility, curl will ignore any file in the directory you set.

down

Sylvain R ¶

9 years ago


When you are using CURLOPT_FILE to download directly into a file you must close the file handler after the curl_close() otherwise the file will be incomplete and you will not be able to use it until the end of the execution of the php process.



<?php



$fh = fopen('/tmp/foo', 'w');

$ch = curl_init('http://example.com/foo');

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fh);

curl_exec($ch);

curl_close($ch);



# at this point your file is not complete and corrupted



fclose($fh);



# now you can use your file;



read_file('/tmp/foo');



?>

down

jID ¶

10 years ago


if you use
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_INTERFACE, "XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX");
?>
to specify IP adress for request, sometimes you need to get list of all your IP's.

ifconfig command will output something like:

rl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    options=8<VLAN_MTU>
    inet 82.146.XXX.XXX netmask 0xffffffff broadcast 82.146.XXX.XXX
    inet 78.24.XXX.XXX netmask 0xffffffff broadcast 78.24.XXX.XXX
    inet 82.146.XXX.XXX netmask 0xffffffff broadcast 82.146.XXX.XXX
    inet 82.146.XXX.XXX netmask 0xffffffff broadcast 82.146.XXX.XXX
    inet 82.146.XXX.XXX netmask 0xffffffff broadcast 82.146.XXX.XXX
    inet 78.24.XXX.XXX netmask 0xffffffff broadcast 78.24.XXX.XXX
    inet 78.24.XXX.XXX netmask 0xffffffff broadcast 78.24.XXX.XXX
    ether XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
    media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
    status: active
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
tun0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    Opened by PID 564
tun1: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    Opened by PID 565
    Opened by PID 565

My solution for FreeBSD 6 and PHP 5 was:
<?php
  ob_start();
  $ips=array();
  $ifconfig=system("ifconfig");
  echo $ifconfig;
  $ifconfig=ob_get_contents();
  ob_end_clean();
  $ifconfig=explode(chr(10), $ifconfig);
  for ($i=0; $i<count($ifconfig); $i++) {
    $t=explode(" ", $ifconfig[$i]);
    if ($t[0]=="\tinet") {
      array_push($ips, $t[1]);
    }     
  }
  for ($i=0; $i<count($ips); $i++) {
    echo $ips[$i]."\n";
  }
?>

You will get list of IP adresses in $ips array, like:
82.146.XXX.XXX
78.24.XXX.XXX
82.146.XXX.XXX
82.146.XXX.XXX
82.146.XXX.XXX
78.24.XXX.XXX
78.24.XXX.XXX

down

phpnet at wafflehouse dot de ¶

13 years ago


Resetting CURLOPT_FILE to STDOUT won't work by calling curl_setopt() with the STDOUT constant or a php://output stream handle (at least I get error messages when trying the code from phpnet at andywaite dot com). Instead, one can simply reset it as a side effect of CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER. Just say



<?php curl_setopt($this->curl,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,0); ?>



and following calls to curl_exec() will output to STDOUT again.

down

fred at themancan dot com ¶

10 years ago


To find what encoding a given HTTP POST request uses is easy -- passing an array to CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS results in  multipart/form-data:



<?php

curl_setopt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array('field1' => 'value'));

?>



Passing a URL-encoded string will result in application/x-www-form-urlencoded:



<?php

curl_setopt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array('field1=value&field2=value2'));

?>



I ran across this when integrating with both a warehouse system and an email system; neither would accept multipart/form-data, but both happily accepted application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

down

markandrewslade at gmail dot com ¶

1 year ago


Contrary to the documentation, CURLOPT_STDERR should be set to a handle to the file you want to write to, not the file's location.

down

qeremy [atta] gmail [dotta] com ¶

6 years ago


If you are trying to update something on your server and you need to handle this update operation by PUT;

<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PUT");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PUT, 1);
?>

are "useless" without;

<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('X-HTTP-Method-Override: PUT'));
?>

Example;

Updating a book data in database identified by "id 1";

--cURL Part--
<?php
$data = http_build_query($_POST);
// or
$data = http_build_query(array(
   'name'  => 'PHP in Action',
   'price' => 10.9
));

$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://api.localhost/rest/books/1");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
// curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PUT"); // no need anymore
// or
// curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PUT, 1); // no need anymore
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('X-HTTP-Method-Override: PUT'));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
$ce = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
print_r($ce);
?>

--API class--
<?php
public function putAction() {
    echo "putAction() -> id: ". $this->_getParam('id') ."\n";
    print_r($_POST);
    // do stuff with post data
    ...
?>

--Output--
putAction() -> id: 15
Array
(
    [name] => PHP in Action
    [price] => 10.9
)

---Keywords--
rest, restfull api, restfull put, curl put, curl customrequest put

down

lachlan at radelaide dot net ¶

4 years ago


For those using CURLAUTH_NTLM, it may come to no surprise  that NTLM request will fail if you have set CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE to true.

This is because NTLM authorisation is connect-based, not request-based. If the connection is not kept alive and re-used, cURL can never complete the request.

You may notice this if you get a 401 status code or max out the number of redirects.

down

Joey Hewitt ¶

6 years ago


Note that if you put a certificate chain in a PEM file, the certificates need to be ordered so that each certificate is followed by its issuer (i.e., root last.)

Source: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/tividd/td/ITIM/SC32-1493-00/en_US/HTML/im451_config09.htm

down

W at RHaworth dot net ¶

8 years ago


I had problems with the Wikimedia software and sending a POST request where the data was more than 1024 bytes long. I traced this to cURL adding: Expect: 100-continue to the headers.

I added curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array("Expect:")); and that suppresses the Expect line.

down

john dot david dot steele at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago


A note on the way Curl posts files...

<?php
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array('file' => '@/path/to/file.ext');
?>

will post the FULL PATH of the file in the filename field:

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="/path/to/file.ext"

Whereas typical browser behavior only sends the filename:

Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="file.ext"

Workaround: 
<?php
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array('file' => '@file.ext');
  $cwd = getcwd();
  chdir('/path/to/');
  $receivedData = curl_exec($ch);
  chdir($cwd);
?>

down

w dot danford at electronics-software dot com ¶

10 years ago


Just a small detail I too easily overlooked.
<?php
/*  If you set:  */
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
/* then you must have the data: */
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $PostData);
?>
I found with only the CURLOPT_POST set (from copy, paste editing of course) cookies were not getting sent with CURLOPT_COOKIE.  Just something subtle to watch out for.

down

ROXORT at TGNOOB dot FR ¶

13 years ago


<?php

/*

  Here is a script that is usefull to :

  - login to a POST form,

  - store a session cookie,

  - download a file once logged in.

*/



// INIT CURL

$ch = curl_init();



// SET URL FOR THE POST FORM LOGIN

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.example.com/Members/Login.php');



// ENABLE HTTP POST

curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);



// SET POST PARAMETERS : FORM VALUES FOR EACH FIELD

curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, 'fieldname1=fieldvalue1&fieldname2=fieldvalue2');



// IMITATE CLASSIC BROWSER'S BEHAVIOUR : HANDLE COOKIES

curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookie.txt');



# Setting CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER variable to 1 will force cURL

# not to print out the results of its query.

# Instead, it will return the results as a string return value

# from curl_exec() instead of the usual true/false.

curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);



// EXECUTE 1st REQUEST (FORM LOGIN)

$store = curl_exec ($ch);



// SET FILE TO DOWNLOAD

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.example.com/Members/Downloads/AnnualReport.pdf');



// EXECUTE 2nd REQUEST (FILE DOWNLOAD)

$content = curl_exec ($ch);



// CLOSE CURL

curl_close ($ch); 



/*

  At this point you can do do whatever you want

  with the downloaded file stored in $content :

  display it, save it as file, and so on.

*/

?>

down

rob ¶

9 years ago


Whats not mentioned in the documentation is that you have to set CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR to a file for the CURL handle to actually use cookies, if it is not set then cookies will not be parsed.

down

phpnet at andywaite dot com ¶

13 years ago


After setting CURLOPT_FILE, you may want want to revert back to the normal behaviour of displaying the results. This can be achieved using:



<?php

$fp = fopen ("php://output", "w") or die("Unable to open stdout for writing.\n");

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fp);

?>

down

michaeledwards.com ¶

13 years ago


Problems can occur if you mix CURLOPT_URL with a 'Host:' header in CURLOPT_HEADERS on redirects because cURL will combine the host you explicitly stated in the 'Host:' header with the host from the Location: header of the redirect response. 



In short, don't do this:



<?php

$host = "www.example.com";

$url = "http://$host/";



$headers = array("Host: $host");



$ch = curl_init();



curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);



Do this instead:



$host = "www.example.com";

$url = "http://$host/";



$ch = curl_init();



curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);

?>

down

Tim Severien ¶

7 years ago


I've been stuck when using the CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS constant. In fact, on my PHP version (5.3.1) it's not a number but rather a string. Same thing for CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS.

I got this error: Warning: curl_setopt() expects parameter 2 to be long, string given

If you are experiencing simular problems, you can replace the constant with the actual number or (re)define the constant.

CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS should be 155
CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS should be 156

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS, 2500); // error
curl_setopt($ch, 156, 2500); // problem solved

down

phpdocs at neothermic dot com ¶

3 years ago


In today's changed TLS landscape, you might eventually encounter servers which only operate on TLS 1.1 or TLS 1.2, and will actively refuse TLS 1.0 connections. 

If you're relying on CURLOPT_SSLVERSION's default setting, you'll never make a successful connection to the server.

You can solve this by setting CURLOPT_SSLVERSION to either 5 (for CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_1) or 6 (for CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2) .

down

julien veneziano ¶

8 years ago


If you need to send deta in a DELETE request, use:

<?php
$request_body = 'some data';
$ch = curl_init('http://www.example.com');
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $request_body);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0); 
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "DELETE");
        $response = curl_exec($ch);
var_dump($response);
?>

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Salil Kothadia ¶

10 years ago


In PHP5, for the "CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS" option, we can use:

<?php
$ch = curl_init($URI);
$Post = http_build_query($PostData);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $Post);
$Output = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
?>

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sam at def dot reyssi dot net ¶

8 years ago


Be careful when setting the CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS setting using an array. The array used to set the POST fields must only contain scalar values. Multidimentional arrays or objects lacking a __toString implementation will cause Curl to error.



If there is a need to send non-scalar values using a POST request, consider serializing them before transmission.



<?php

$ch = curl_init('http://host.example.com');



// Data to post

$multiDimensional = array(

   'name' = 'foo',

   'data' = array(1,2,3,4),

   'value' = 'bar'

);



// Will error

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $multiDimensional);



// Data to post

$postData = array(

  'name' = 'foo',

  'data' = serialize(array(1,2,3,4)),

  'value' = 'bar'

);



// Will not error

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postData);

?>

down

anonymous ¶

6 years ago


This may be not obvious, but if you specify the CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS and don't specify the CURLOPT_POST - it will still send POST, not GET (as you might think - since GET is default).
So the line:

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);

is synonym to:

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);

Even if you set the options like this (in this order):

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);

it will send POST, since CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS is latter.
So if you want GET - make sure you don't have CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS specified somewhere.

down

tceburashka at yandex dot ru ¶

2 years ago


Send body file use RFC7578 ("multipart/form-data")

// class contain file
class oFile
 {
     private $name;
     private $mime;
     private $content;

     public function __construct($name, $mime=null, $content=null)
      {
          if(is_null($content))
           {
               $info = pathinfo($name);
// check is exist and readable file
               if(!empty($info['basename']) && is_readable($name))
                {
                    $this->name = $info['basename'];
// get MIME
                    $this->mime = mime_content_type($name);
// load file
                    $content = file_get_contents($name);
                    if($content!==false) $this->content = $content;
                        else throw new Exception('Don`t get content - "'.$name.'"');
                } else throw new Exception('Error param');
           } else
              {
                   $this->name = $name;
                   if(is_null($mime)) $mime = mime_content_type($name);
                   $this->mime = $mime;
                   $this->content = $content;
              };
      }

    public function Name() { return $this->name; }

    public function Mime() { return $this->mime; }

    public function Content() { return $this->content; }

 };

// create body for POST request
class BodyPost
 {
// part "multipart/form-data"
    public static function PartPost($name, $val)
     {
         $body = 'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="' . $name . '"';
// check instance of oFile
         if($val instanceof oFile)
          {
              $file = $val->Name();
              $mime = $val->Mime();
              $cont = $val->Content();

              $body .= '; filename="' . $file . '"' . "\r\n";
              $body .= 'Content-Type: ' . $mime ."\r\n\r\n";
              $body .= $cont."\r\n";
          } else $body .= "\r\n\r\n".urlencode($val)."\r\n";
         return $body;
     }

    public static function Get(array $post, $delimiter='-------------0123456789')
     {
         if(is_array($post) && !empty($post))
          {
              $bool = false;
              foreach($post as $val) if($val instanceof oFile) {$bool = true; break; };
              if($bool)
               {
                   $ret = '';
                   foreach($post as $name=>$val)
                       $ret .= '--' . $delimiter. "\r\n". self::PartPost($name, $val);
                   $ret .= "--" . $delimiter . "--\r\n";
               } else $ret = http_build_query($post);
          } else throw new \Exception('Error input param!');
         return $ret;
     }
 };

$delimiter = '-------------'.uniqid();
$file = new oFile('sample.txt', 'text/plain', 'Content file');
$post = BodyPost::Get(array('field'=>'text', 'file'=>$file), $delimiter);

var_dump($post);

$ch = curl_init();

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://server/upload/');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=' . $delimiter,
    'Content-Length: ' . strlen($post)));

curl_exec($ch);

down

joelhy ¶

3 years ago


Please notice that CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT and CURLOPT_VERBOSE option does not work together:
"When CURLINFO_HEADER_OUT is set to TRUE than CURLOPT_VERBOSE does not work."(from https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=65348). 
This took me an hour or two to figure it out.

down

eric at imap dot ch ¶

15 years ago


I managed to use curl to retrieve information from severs on ports other than 80 or 443 (for https) on some installations but not on all. 

If you get an "CURLE_COULDNT_CONNECT /* 7 */" error, try adding the port : (for example)



<?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PORT, $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT']); ?>

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ac at an dot y-co dot de ¶

10 years ago


If you want to connect to a server which requires that you identify yourself with a certificate, use following code. Your certificate and servers certificate are signed by an authority whose certificate is in ca.ctr.



<?php

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, '1');

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, '2');

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, '1');

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO,  getcwd().'/cert/ca.crt');

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSLCERT, getcwd().'/cert/mycert.pem');

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSLCERTPASSWD, 'password');

?>



If your original certificate is in .pfx format, you have to convert it to .pem using following commands

# openssl pkcs12 -in mycert.pfx -out mycert.key

# openssl rsa -in mycert.key -out mycert.pem

# openssl x509 -in mycert.key >> mycert.pem

down

ohcc at 163 dot com ¶

1 year ago


This is howto upload an existing file to an FTP server with cURL in PHP.

You should remember that CURLOPT_URL should contain the file's basename to save on the FTP server. For example, if you upload hello.txt to ftp://www.wuxiancheng.cn/text/, CURLOPT_URL should be ftp://www.wuxiancheng.cn/text/hello.txt rather than ftp://www.wuxiancheng.cn/text/, otherwise you will get an error message like "Uploading to a URL without a file name! " when you call curl_error();

<?php
    $ch = curl_init();
    $filepath = 'D:\Web\www\wuxiancheng.cn\hello.txt';
    $basename = pathInfo($filepath, PATHINFO_BASENAME);
    $filesize = fileSize($filepath);
    curl_setopt_array(
        $ch,
        array(
            CURLOPT_URL => 'ftp://www.wuxiancheng.cn/text/' . $basename,
            CURLOPT_USERPWD => 'USERNAME:PASSWORD',
            CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS => CURLPROTO_FTP,
            CURLOPT_UPLOAD => true,
            CURLOPT_INFILE => $filepath,
            CURLOPT_INFILESIZE => $filesize,
            CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
            CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
        )
    );
    curl_exec($ch);
    $message = curl_errno($ch) === CURLE_OK ? 'success' : 'failure';
    echo $message;
?>

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cmatiasvillanueva at gmail dot com ¶

1 year ago


What is not mentioned in the documentation is that if you want to set  a local-port or local-port-range to establish a connection is possible by adding   CURLOPT_LOCALPORT and CURLOPT_LOCALPORTRANGE options.   

Ex:
$conn=curl_init ('example.com');
curl_setopt($conn, CURLOPT_LOCALPORT, 35000);
curl_setopt($conn, CURLOPT_LOCALPORTRANGE, 200);

CURLOPT_LOCALPORT: This sets the local port number of the socket used for the connection.

CURLOPT_LOCALPORTRANGE:  The range argument is the number of attempts libcurl will make to find a working local port number. It starts with the given CURLOPT_LOCALPORT and adds one to the number for each retry. Setting this option to 1 or below will make libcurl do only one try for the exact port number.

Interface can be also configured using CURLOPT_INTERFACE:

Ex:

curl_setopt($conn,  CURLOPT_INTERFACE, "eth1");

down

eric dot van dot eldik at peercode dot nl ¶

3 months ago


When you get this error using a PUT request: "SSL read: error:00000000:lib(0):func(0):reason(0), errno 104")

It could be caused by:
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PUT, TRUE);
?>

Instead try:
<?php
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PUT");
?>

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Anonymous ¶

8 months ago


If you have problems with CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER and using Apache.
Download certificate bundle:
http://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html

Then set a path not in your php.ini, but in phpForApache.ini file.
Example:
curl.cainfo=c:\php\cacert.pem

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bash at noemailaddress dot com ¶

8 months ago


Be sure not to set CURLOPT_POST to 1 (or True) if you are uploading a file, even if you are also providing textual Post data in your request. Took two hours to discover that including this option was the cause of my receiving script not having $_FILES set. The documentation explains it, but many examples around the web incorrectly include the CURLOPT_POST option in their example code. (Their examples only work because they happen to set this option first, and curl automatically resets it if you set CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS and it includes a file. Set your post fields first and then the CURLOPT_POST option however, and your code will not work.)

Per the documentation:
CURLOPT_POST: "TRUE to do a regular HTTP POST. This POST is the normal application/x-www-form-urlencoded kind, most commonly used by HTML forms. "

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joel at mojamail dot com ¶

1 year ago


In the long documentation, it's easy to miss the fact that CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS will set the Content-Type to "multipart/form-data" (instead of the usual "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") IFF you supply an array (instead of a query string)!

Some servers will return weird errors (like "SSL read: error:00000000:lib(0):func(0):reason(0), errno 104") for the wrong Content-Type, and you may waste many hours of time trying to figure out why!

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chris at ocproducts dot com ¶

1 year ago


On recent versions of MacOS CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER cannot be disabled, unless you have compiled PHP yourself with the official cURL library and OpenSSL.

Why?
1) MacOS is bundling its own version of cURL which has Apple SecureTransport as the SSL handling.
2) The implementation will complain if CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER is disabled but CURLOPT_CAINFO is set ("CA certificate set, but certificate verification is disabled").
3) The implementation will consider CURLOPT_CAINFO set even if it is set to blank/null/false ("can't load CA certificate file").  This error comes from ""SSL: can't load CA certificate file %s"" in https://opensource.apple.com/source/curl/curl-95/curl/lib/vtls/darwinssl.c, you can see there's no blank verification.

To confirm this is what is affecting you look for what "SSL Version" is set at in the PHP-info. This is under the cURL settings.

To resolve you need to compile cURL (e.g. using Homebrew) with OpenSSL enabled:
brew install curl --with-openssl

Then compile PHP with something like this in the configure command:
'--with-curl=/usr/local/opt/curl'

It may also be possible to use Homebrew to compile PHP using it's own cURL, I haven't checked this.

Once resolved "SSL Version" will report something like "OpenSSL/1.0.2l".

Of course you shouldn't disable certificate validation. I am only doing it because I'm writing code to detect if a site's SSL is broken (works with verify peer, doesn't work without). Others maybe are using self-signed certificates and don't want to work out how to make them a root authority. Never ever use live.

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-1

seorubenboal at gmail dot com ¶

5 months ago


https://muchotrap.com todo el trap urbano en una sola web

down

nabikaz at gmail dot com ¶

1 year ago


About this post in here:
http://php.net/manual/en/function.curl-setopt.php#102121
>Handling redirections with curl if safe_mode or open_basedir is enabled. 
>...
>function curl_exec_follow(/*resource*/ $ch, /*int*/ &$maxredirect = null) { 
>...
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
IMPORTANT:
This is not work if set "CURLOPT_FILE".
For resolve this issue, can return $ch instead of curl_exec($ch), and after then set CURLOPT_FILE and use curl_exec($ch).

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steve at websmithery dot co dot uk ¶

2 years ago


It may not be an issue which affects anyone, but I think it’s worth noting that using the CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS option has the side effect of setting the CURLOPT_POST option to TRUE.

When testing some code that required the post method, I commented out my CURLOPT_POST line to see how it failed and it didn't. Further investigation using curl_getinfo revealed that setting the CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS option was also setting the POST option.

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chris at ocproducts dot com ¶

2 years ago


Never provide a CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST value of 'HEAD'. It will cause cURL to timeout. Instead set CURLOPT_NOBODY to true.

The problem occurs because CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST directly substitutes what cURL sends in transit, but not the response handling logic. It causes it to stall waiting for data that will never come.

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joey ¶

2 years ago


Sorry, I made a mistake. For validating cookie entries it is best to use at least:

/^([^\t]+\t){6}[^\t]+$/

There was not enough space for me to put in the rationale for not using persistent storage with cookies but it should be obvious. It's YAGNI for most scenarios. In this case at best it complicate things, at the worst you perform an operation using the wrong cookie session. It can also increase the chance of failure, waste resources, reduce performance and create mess in the file system.

The plus of persistent is that In some cases it may be used to accelerate across processes but not many people actually need that and when they do there tend to be better options such as using memcached.

If someone can edit and merge the comments it would be appreciated.

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mikko dot rantalainen at peda dot net ¶

3 years ago


If you need to do DELETE request, use CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST with "DELETE" and use CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS for parameters. Do not put request parameters into the URL (GET-like) or bad things will happen (at least Apache+mod_php does not like such requests).

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alvaro at demogracia dot com ¶

3 years ago


With the legacy file upload feature, Curl sends the file name of the actual file and there isn't a documented way to change that behaviour. If you aren't able to use the CURLFile class there's a workaround that apparently works: append "; filename=" after the value (and make sure it comes after "type=").

<?php

$postfields = array(
    'document[]' => '@/tmp/upload_qm5ee8FBxi; type=image/jpeg; filename=Kitten.jpg',
);

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-1

starrychloe at oliveyou dot net ¶

2 years ago


You may also specify the certificate authority file with an environment variable.

export SSL_CERT_FILE=/path/to/cacert.pem

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v dot tverdun at gmail dot com ¶

7 years ago


Make sure to set keys for array if passing to CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS.

<?php
//This can cause errors
$data = array('bar');

//Use this instead
$data = array('foo' => 'bar');

curl_setopt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);
?>

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White Gandalf ¶

4 years ago


to complement shiplu's  comment on the neccessary option sequence of CURLOPT_POST before CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS:

The crux is not some error on nginx, but that nothing at all will be send over the line by curl. Parameters set by a "CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS" option setting will be completely ignored, as long as no "CURLOPT_POST" has been encountered beforehand: Neigther the Content-Type header will be set/generated accordingly nor Content-Length nor any data will be send in the body.

When using curl_setopt_array, the sequence in the array matters as well.

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Simeon Anastasov ¶

4 years ago


One note of importance when you open several cURL handles simultaneously: If you want to share cookies via cookie-jar file among all your handles - be sure to curl_close() one before using the cookie-jar file from the other. 

It appears that during cURL handler execution the cookies are kept in some sort of handler specific internal session storage and only upon explicit curl_close() call or interpreter exit garbage collection these cookies are actually flushed to the file on the hard disk ( I guess for performance reasons ). 

I hope this note will save you couple of hours debugging :)

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Martin K. ¶

4 years ago


If you need to read page contents in between file downloads, while still using the same curl handle, you'll probably need this code:
<?php
    curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_FILE, fopen('php://stdout','w'));   // 'php://output' didn't work for me
    curl_setopt($handle, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);  // using CURLOPT_FILE sets this to false automatically
?>

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Joan ¶

5 years ago


Using CURLOPT_NOPROXY to avoid using the proxy for some urls is very convenient.
For example when the page is trying to look for itself.
The parameter can be found at least in version 5.5.7, (probably earlier)
Unfortunately it's not present on debian wheezy (5.4.4) but it will be on jessie (it's already there)

A related bug: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=53543

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shiplu at programmer dot net ¶

5 years ago


CURLOPT_POST should be set before CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS. Otherwise you might encounter 411 Length required error.

Following code generates "411 Length Required" on nginx/1.1.15
<?php
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields); 
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
?>

But this one works.

<?php
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postfields); 
?>

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Manasi ¶

5 years ago


CURLAUTH_ANY is not an alias for CURLAUTH_NTLM. I had to specify CURLAUTH_NTLM for a Windows authenticated URL

down

S.F. ¶

5 years ago


I spent a couple of days trying to upload a file using a curl post.



The problem I ran into was the filename had an '@' in the middle of it.  It turned out that at least on my system if I encoded the file path using the quoted_printable_encode() function the upload works.



I'm posting this in the hopes that it will help someone else, and for my own future reference.



Code:

<?php



$filepath = '/tmp/test@example.txt';

$postdata['file'] = '@' . quoted_printable_encode($filepath);



//... supporting code.



$result = curl_exec($ch);



?>

I'm not exactly sure why this works when escaping the '@' doesn't work but it does for me.



If anyone can offer insight into why this works or a better way to handle the '@' symbol in a filename when using curl to upload I would love to hear it.



Thanks

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kavih7 at yahoo dot com ¶

8 years ago


When POSTing with cURL, my POSTs were magically being converted to GETs and I debugged it until finding the issue. I was setting the CURLOPT_MUTE option. Not sure why this conflicts, since the documentation doesn't specify as such. Anyways, if your $_POST is empty, make sure you aren't setting CURLOPT_MUTE.

Cheers!

down

xuyan83121 at gmail dot com ¶

5 years ago


when use curl_multi_exec, the CURLOPT_TIMEOUT need curl version newer than 7.21.2.
this can be found at curl changelog.

down

juozaspo at gmail dot com ¶

6 years ago


I've created an example that gets the file on url passed to script and outputs it to the browser. 

<?php
//get the file (e.g. image) and output it to the browser
$ch = curl_init(); //open curl handle
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $_GET['url']); //set an url
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); //do not output directly, use variable
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_BINARYTRANSFER, 1); //do a binary transfer
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1); //stop if an error occurred
$file=curl_exec($ch); //store the content in variable
if(!curl_errno($ch))
{
    //send out headers and output
    header ("Content-type: ".curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE)."");
    header ("Content-Length: ".curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_DOWNLOAD)."");
    echo $file;
} else echo 'Curl error: ' . curl_error($ch);
curl_close($ch); //close curl handle
?>

p.s. Make sure that there're no new lines before and after code or script may not work.

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adrian at foeder dot de ¶

6 years ago


if you want to do a GET request with additional body data it will become tricky not to implicitly change the request to a POST, like many notes below correctly state.
So to do the analogy of command line's

curl -XGET 'http://example.org?foo=bar' -d '<baz>some additional data</baz>'

in PHP you'll do, besides your other necessary stuff,

<?php
    curl_setopt($curlHandle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'GET');
    curl_setopt($curlHandle, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, '<baz>some additional data</baz>');
?>

during my experiments, every other "similar" way, like e.g. CURLOPT_HTTPGET, didn't send the additional data or fell into POST.

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jeffb at nospam dot videx dot com ¶

6 years ago


When trying to pass a multi-dimensional array to CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, first run it through http_build_query().  That will get rid of the Array to String conversion notice.

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ellert at _removeme_ vankoperen dot nl ¶

6 years ago


If you are using curl to do a soap request and consistently get the following error back: 
The server cannot service the request because the media type is unsupported.
You are sending the Content-type of soap 1.2 to a 1.1 server.
Soap 1.1 needs Content-Type: text/xml;
Soap 1.2 should have Content-Type: application/soap+xml;

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mw+php dot net at lw-systems dot de ¶

6 years ago


The description of the use of the CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS option should be emphasize, that using POST with HTTP/1.1 with cURL implies the use of a "Expect: 100-continue" header. Some web servers will not understand the handling of chunked transfer of post data.

To disable this behavior one must disable the use of the "Expect:" header with

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array("Expect:"));

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Tyranoweb ¶

9 years ago


There is a function to send POST data in page with five parameters :



$post must be an array

$page is the page where POST datas will be send.

$n must be true to continue if they are php redirection (Location: )

$session must be define true if you want to use cookies 

$referer must be a link to get a wrong referer or only to have a referer.



<?php

function curl_data_post($post, $page, $n, $session, $referer)

    {

        if(!is_array($post))

        {

         return false;

        }

        

        $DATA_POST = curl_init();

        curl_setopt($DATA_POST, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

        curl_setopt($DATA_POST, CURLOPT_URL, $page);

        curl_setopt($DATA_POST, CURLOPT_POST, true);

        if($n)

        {

         curl_setopt($DATA_POST, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);

        }

        if($session)

        {

         curl_setopt($DATA_POST, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, 'cookiefile.txt');

         curl_setopt($DATA_POST, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, 'cookiefile.txt'); 

        }

        

        if($referer)

        {

         curl_setopt($DATA_POST, CURLOPT_REFERER, $referer); 

        }

        

        curl_setopt($DATA_POST, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post);

        $data = curl_exec($DATA_POST);

        if($data == false)

        {

         echo'Warning : ' . curl_error($DATA_POST);

         curl_close($DATA_POST);

         return false;

        }

        else

        {

         curl_close($DATA_POST);

         return $data;

        }

    }

?>

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dotpointer at gmail dot com ¶

6 years ago


About CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR and CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, and which / how to use.



- CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR is used when cURL is reading cookie data from disk.



- CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE is used when cURL is writing the cookie data to disk.



So you need to specify both (and set the same file location on both) when working with sessions for example.

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wonderfish+php at gmail dot com ¶

6 years ago


As of at least PHP 5.3.9, if you are continuing to use a cURL session handle after downloading a file and closing the file handle, you will need to change CURLOPT_FILE back to stdout, and cannot count simply on a side effect of CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER to do so, even if you are setting it.  For example:



<?php

$ch = curl_init();

$fh = fopen('/path/to/stored/file/example_file.dat', 'w');

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, $fh);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://example.com/example_file.dat');

curl_exec($ch);

fflush($fh);

fclose($fh);



//must reset cURL file handle. Not doing so will cause a warning to be

//thrown and for cURL to default to output regardless

//for our example, we'll set return transfer.

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FILE, fopen('php://stdout', 'w'));

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://example.org/index.html');

$html = curl_exec($ch); //this will now work

?>

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Victor Jerlin ¶

9 years ago


Seems like some options not mentioned on this page, but listed on http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/c/curl_easy_setopt.html is actually supported.

I was happy to see that I could actually use CURLOPT_FTP_CREATE_MISSING_DIRS even from PHP.

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Andrew ¶

9 years ago


I noticed that if you want to get current cookie file after curl_exec() - you need to close current curl handle (like it said in manual), but if you want cookies to be dumped to file after any curl_exec (without curl_close) you can:



<?php

#call it normally

$ch = curl_init(); 

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0); 

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookiefile"); 

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookiefile"); 

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1); 

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.example.com/'); 

$result1 = curl_exec($ch); 



#and then  make a temp copy

$ch_temp=curl_copy_handle(ch);

curl_close($ch);

$ch=$ch_temp;

?>



Only this way, if you close $ch_temp - cookies wont be dumped.

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chsa at ten dot ch ¶

7 years ago


Sending a post file upload across a squid proxy, the request was rejected by the proxy. In the error page returned it provided among other possible causes:"Expect:" feature is being asked from a HTTP/one.zero.
Solution: Add the option <?php curl_setopt($cl,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array("Expect:")); ?>. This will remove the expect http header.

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support at lostair dot com ¶

7 years ago


Force Curl Request To Go To A Particular IP Address



Yes, there is a method of passing an IP address to curl.  Excellent for services with multiple IP addresses and also to take DNS out of the equation for testing/debugging.



<?php

    function fetch_page($url, $host_ip = NULL)

    {



      $ch = curl_init();



      if (!is_null($host_ip))

      {

        $urldata = parse_url($url);



        //  Ensure we have the query too, if there is any...

        if (!empty($urldata['query']))

          $urldata['path'] .= "?".$urldata['query'];



        //  Specify the host (name) we want to fetch...

        $headers = array("Host: ".$urldata['host']);

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);



        //  create the connecting url (with the hostname replaced by IP)

        $url = $urldata['scheme']."://".$host_ip.$urldata['path'];

      }



      curl_setopt($ch,  CURLOPT_URL, $url);

      curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);

      curl_setopt($ch,  CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);



      $result = curl_exec ($ch);

      curl_close ($ch);



      return $result;

    }

?>

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anon@mouse dot com ¶

8 years ago


If your POST data seems to be disappearing (POST data empty, request is being handled by the server as a GET), try rearranging the order of CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS setting with CURLOPT_NOBODY. CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS has to come AFTER CURLOPT_NOBODY setting because if it comes after it wipes out the Content-Type header that tells your URL target that the request is a POST not a GET. 

Not sure if this is expected behavior but it certainly isn't documented (except on Stackoverflow.com, which is supremely unhelpful - BTW, guys over on stack overflow... once you've figured out a PHP problem, posting the solution here would save everyone extra search time).

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prohfesor at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago


This function helps to parse netscape cookie file, generated by cURL into cookie array:



<?php

  function _curl_parse_cookiefile($file) {

    $aCookies = array();

    $aLines = file($file);

    foreach($aLines as $line){

      if('#'==$line{0})

        continue;

      $arr = explode("\t", $line);

      if(isset($arr[5]) && isset($arr[6]))

        $aCookies[$arr[5]] = $arr[6];

    }

    

    return $aCookies; 

  }

?>

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mavook at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago


If you try to upload file to a server, you need do CURLOPT_POST first and then fill CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS.



<?php

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $postvars);

// ^^ This will post multipart/form-data

?>

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patryk at do dot not dot spam dot com ¶

8 years ago


CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL means curl will use CONNECT method of the HTTP protocol to make a tunnel through a proxy, which is most likely not the one you want to do.

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obones_remove_me at free dot fr ¶

8 years ago


For those of you wondering how to specify the content-type for a file uploaded via curl, the syntax is as follows:

<?php

$data = array('file' => '@/home/user/test.png;type=image/png');

?>

Simply adding a semicolon with the type= at the end.
Note that this has been reported not to work in all versions of PHP and I have done the following tests:

5.2.6 (libcurl 7.18.2) : Does not work
5.2.13 (libcurl 7.20.0) : Works just fine

So it might be worth updating your installation of PHP and/or libcurl if you want to be able to use this syntax

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sjungwirth at google mail dot com ¶

8 years ago


I couldn't find a way to force a curl request to go to a particular IP address, but you can do it with fsockopen:

<?php

    $ip = '123.45.67.89';

    $fp = fsockopen($ip, 80, $errno, $errstr, 5);

    $result = '';

    if (!$fp) {

        echo "$errstr ($errno)<br />\n";

    } else {

        $out = "GET /path/to/the/file.ext HTTP/1.1\r\n";

        $out .= "Host: www.exampl.com\r\n";

        $out .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n";

        fwrite($fp, $out);

        while (!feof($fp)) {

            $result .= fgets($fp, 128);

        }

        fclose($fp);

    }

?>

I needed it to test the response from a set of servers behind a load balancer.

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clint at fewbar dot com ¶

8 years ago


If you have turned on conditional gets on a curl handle, and then for a subsequent request, you don't have a good setting for CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE , you can disable If-Modified-Since checking with:

<?php

$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $foo);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE, filemtime($foo_path));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION, CURLOPT_TIMECOND_IFMODIFIEDSINCE);
curl_exec($ch);
// Reuse same curl handle
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $bar);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEVALUE, null); // don't know mtime
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMECONDITION, 0); // set it to 0, turns it off
curl_exec($ch);

?>

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starosielec at googlemail dot com ¶

8 years ago


You can use also use object methods as callback functions. This is usefull if your curl ressource is part of an object handling transfers.

Instead of curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, "curl_handler_recv") you can use array($object, "method") as value for callback options.



For example:



<?php

class downloader {

    private $curl;



    function __construct() {

        $this->curl = curl_init();

        curl_setopt($this->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, array($this, "curl_handler_recv"));

    }



     function curl_handler_recv($res, $data) {

      //...

     }

   //... 

}

?>

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alfredoaguirre dot v at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago


Seems that CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER Option set to TRUE, returns a "1" when the transaction returns a blank page.

I think is for eliminate the FALSE to can be with a blank page as return

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paczor ¶

11 years ago


How to get rid of response after POST: just add callback function for returned data (CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION) and make this function empty.



<?php

function curlHeaderCallback($ch, $strHeader) {

}

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, 'curlHeaderCallback');

?>

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Stan van de Burgt ¶

9 years ago


If you get a "failed creating formpost data" upon curl_exec() when POSTing a form, check if one of the field values starts with the @ character.

Took me an hour or so to find out as I wanted to post a @reply tweet to twitter which typically start with @screenname.

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ericbianchetti at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago


if you need to send a SOAP string that is the CURL you must use :



<?php

$ch = curl_init();

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, XML_POST_URL); 

curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('SOAPAction: ""'));    

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); 

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, XML_PAYLOAD); 

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);



$output = curl_exec($ch); 

?>



Note : Having based my snipet on Chemo demonstration (oscommerce user know who he is), XML_POST_URL and XML_PAYLOAD where defined as constant with define().



The point is : at the opposite of .xml , SOAP must send the header 'SOAPAction: ""' that can be a valid URI, an empty string (that is here) or nothing ('SOAPAction: '). The later case baing not accepted by all server, the second one indicating the target is the URI used to post the SOAP.

http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-SOAP-20000508/#_Toc478383528

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ashooner - - gmail , com ¶

9 years ago


When passing CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS a url-encoded string in order to use Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded, you can pass a string directly:
<?php
curl_setopt(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, 'field1=value&field2=value2');
?>

rather than passing the string in an array, as in fred at themancan dot com's example.

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OPALA ¶

10 years ago


To fetch (or submit data to) multiple pages during one session,use this:



<?php

$ch = curl_init();

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION, TRUE);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookiefile");

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookiefile");

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIE, session_name() . '=' . session_id());

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1);



curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://example.com/page1.php');

$result1 = curl_exec($ch);



curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://example.com/page2.php');

$result2 = curl_exec($ch);



curl_close($ch);

?>

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andrabr at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago


This is very clear in hindsight, but it still cost me several hours:



<?php curl_setopt($session, CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL, 1); ?>



means that you will tunnel THROUGH the proxy, as in "your communications will go as if the proxy is NOT THERE".



Why do you care? - Well, if you are trying to use, say, Paros, to debug HTTP between your cURL and the server, with CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL set to TRUE Paros will not see or log your traffic thus defeating the purpose and driving you nuts.



There are other cases, of course, where this option is extremely useful...

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mcbreen at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago


If you are getting the following error:



SSL: certificate subject name 'example.com' does not match target host name 'example.net'



Then you can set the following option to get around it:



<?php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, FALSE); ?>

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vincent at ludden dot nl ¶

11 years ago


Please note that the CURLOPT_INTERFACE setting only accepts IP addresses and hostnames of the local machine. It is not meant to send a URL to a specific IP address.

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petelu $ post dot sk ¶

13 years ago


load https:// or  http://example.com/exam.php  

with  POST  data (name=alex&year=18) and apply COOKIEs



<?php

$sessions = curl_init();

curl_setopt($sessions,CURLOPT_URL,'http://example.com/exam.php');

curl_setopt($sessions, CURLOPT_POST, 1);

curl_setopt($sessions,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,'name=alex&year=18');

curl_setopt($sessions,CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR,

dirname(__FILE__).'/cookie.txt');

curl_setopt($sessions,CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION,0);

curl_setopt($sessions, CURLOPT_HEADER , 1);

curl_setopt($sessions, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);

$my_load_page = curl_exec($this->sessions);

?>

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Jakub Horky <jakub dot php at horky dot net> ¶

14 years ago


A bit more documentation (without minimum version numbers):

- CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION
- CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION
  Pass a function which will be called to write data or headers respectively. The callback function prototype:

long write_callback (resource ch, string data)

The ch argument is CURL session handle. The data argument is data received. Note that its size is variable. When writing data, as much data as possible will be returned in all invokes. When writing headers, exactly one complete header line is returned for better parsing.
The function must return number of bytes actually taken care of. If that amount differs from the amount passed to this function, an error will occur.

- CURLOPT_READFUNCTION
  Pass a function which will be called to read data. The callback function prototype:

string read_callback (resource ch, resource fd, long length)

The ch argument is CURL session handle. The fd argument is file descriptor passed to CURL by CURLOPT_INFILE option. The length argument is maximum length which can be returned.
The function must return string containing the data which were read. If length of the data is more than maximum length, it will be truncated to maximum length. Returning anything else than a string means an EOF.

[Note: there is more callbacks implemented in current cURL library but they aren't unfortunately implemented in php curl interface yet.]

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paul at zgtec dot com ¶

16 years ago


To make a POST in multipart/form-data mode 

this worked for me, the " \n" at the end of the variables was very important on my OS X server.



<?php



$file = "file_to_upload.txt";

$submit_url = "http://www.example.com/upload_page.php";



$formvars = array("cc"=>"us \n");

$formvars[variable_1] = "bla bla \n";

$formvars[variable_2] = "bla bla \n";

$formvars[variable_3] = "bla bla \n";

$formvars[variable_4] = "bla bla \n";

$formvars[upfile] = "@$file"; // "@" causes cURL to send as file and not string (I believe) 



    // init curl handle

    $ch = curl_init($submit_url);

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "my_cookies.txt");  //initiates cookie file if needed

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "my_cookies.txt");  // Uses cookies from previous session if exist

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, "http://www.example.net");  //if server needs to think this post came from elsewhere

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1);

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION,1); // follow redirects recursively

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $formvars);



    // perform post

    echo $pnp_result_page = curl_exec($ch);

    curl_close ($ch);



?>

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fil at rezox dot com ¶

17 years ago


If you want to connect to a secure server for posting info/reading info, you need to make cURL with the openSSL options. Then the sequence is nearly identical to the previous example (except http_S_://, and possibly add the useragent):



<?php

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,"https://example.com");

//some sites only accept your request if your browser looks legit, so send a useragent profile... 

curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)");

?>

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-1

miloshio at gmail dot com ¶

6 years ago


Remember: 

- 'Server-side' cookies exists as information even before they were set on browser agent(HTTP COOKIE HEADER),
- javascript cookies does NOT exists as information before they were set on browser agent,

so, if you're trying to save cookies using CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR to a local file, that cookie must be server - side cookie, otherwise you are wasting time, javascript-produced cookies only exists when client browser's JS interpreter set them.

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-1

franciscocha at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago


Example how to connect to FTPES (FTP explicit SSL). This script will connect to any FTPES server and out put the list of directories.



<?php

    $username = 'username';

    $password = 'password';

    $url = 'example.com';

    $ftp_server = "ftp://" . $username . ":" . $password . "@" . $url;

    

    echo "Starting CURL.\n";

    $ch = curl_init();

    echo "Set CURL URL.\n";

    

    //curl FTP

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $ftp_server);

    

    //For Debugging

    //curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, TRUE);    

    

    //SSL Settings

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, FALSE);

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FTP_SSL, CURLFTPSSL_TRY);

    

    //List FTP files and directories

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FTPLISTONLY, TRUE);

    

    //Output to curl_exec

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);



    echo "Executing CURL.\n";

    $output = curl_exec($ch);

    curl_close($ch);

    echo "Closing CURL.\n";

    echo $output . "\n";



   $files = explode("\n", $output);

   print_r($files);

?>

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-4

shailesh4all at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago


Hi,

Anyone who is interested in submitting their information by post to HTTPS site (e.g. payment gateway) where https page needs basic authentication before submitting the information. below code will be helpful. 



<?php

$submit_url = "https://sitename/process.php";



$curl = curl_init();



curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_BASIC ) ;

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "username:password");

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSLVERSION,3);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, true);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $params ); 

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)");

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $submit_url);



$data = split("text/html", curl_exec($curl) );

$temp = split("\r\n", $data[1]) ;



$result = unserialize( $temp[2] ) ;



print_r($result);

curl_close($curl);

?>

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-2

michael sky ¶

11 years ago


if you are trying to connect to 'https://...' and after that want to work with POST data - that's the way:



<?php

$curl = curl_init();

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, true);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)");

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "cookiefile");

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "cookiefile"); # SAME cookiefile

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, "url1"); # this is where you first time connect - GET method authorization in my case, if you have POST - need to edit code a bit

$xxx = curl_exec($curl);



curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, "url2"); # this is where you are requesting POST-method form results (working with secure connection using cookies after auth)

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "var1=value&var2=value&var3=value&"); # form params that'll be used to get form results

$xxx = curl_exec($curl);



curl_close ($curl);

echo $xxx;

?>

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-1

mikeseth at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago


When using CURLOPT_FILE, pass it the file handle that is open for write only (eg fopen('blahblah', 'w+')). If you also open the file for reading (eg fopen('blahblah', 'rw')), curl will fail with error 23.

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-2

bvwj at swbell dot net ¶

17 years ago


To collect cookies recieved with a request, set CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR "cookieFileName".  Then use CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE "cookieFileName" to recall them in subsequent transactions.

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-4

tychay at alumni dot caltech dot edu ¶

16 years ago


CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER is NOT like the -H command line switch. The command line switch adds or replaces headers (much like the header() line in PHP, but for HTTP clients instead of servers), but the curl extension will eliminate the headers cURL sends by default.

For instance, your Authorization, Host, Referer, Pragma, and Accept headers which are normally written by default or by other CURLOPT_*'s.

Also, it might seem intuitive that this should accept an array hash of header->values, but this is not the case. It accepts an array of strings of the format "Header: Value", much like the -H command-line switch.

Hope this helps,

terry

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-2

mcknight at chek dot com ¶

13 years ago


when specifing the file for either CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE or CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR you may need to use the full file path instead of just the relative path.

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-2

me ¶

15 years ago


Just a reminder: When setting your CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS remember to replace the spaces in your values with %20

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-4

charles at tastik dot net ¶

11 years ago


FYI,



Anyone trying to connect to .NET with CURL to send a simple XML post, pay attention to the following. This will save you hours! There is a previous note that I saw either on this page, or somewhere else on this site that explains the correct way to specify the header option is to create an array, then reference the array from the CURLOPT. 



ie.  Do something like this:



<?php

// Req. HTTP Header Values 

 $header[] = "Content-type: text/xml";



// Target URL

 $sendTo = "http://www.example.com";



// Post Data

 $post = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n<root>\n....etc, etc,";



// Create CURL Connection

 $ch = curl_init();

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'XtraDoh xAgent');

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $sendTo);

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 900);

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT, 30);

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, false);

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0);

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $header);

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);

 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post);

?>



Notice the HTTPHEADER, $header above. I have not been able to get .NET to properly read the HTTP header as specified (in this case as text/xml) when using the following:



<?php

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type'=>'text/xml'));

?>



Although this may work when working with other PHP, IIS, or even PHP, Apache, it does not (at least in my experience) work with .NET, IIS.

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-4

dardyole at hotmail dot com ¶

5 years ago


Another note addressing the issues with servers that have open_basedir and safe mode turned on. Such an issue spawns the following E_WARNING:

Warning: curl_setopt() [function.curl-setopt]: CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION cannot be activated when safe_mode is enabled or an open_basedir is set

After looking through the notes, most of the proposed manual implementations were kind of clunky and in some cases just didn't work at all. Most importantly (in my case), was the behaviour of the 302 Header. Anyway, here's the code I ended up using which has worked well for me in all cases so far, it even addresses the issue that caused FOLLOWLOCATION to be turned off in some cases :)

EDIT: Unfortunately the code itself is deemed "too long" for PHP's note system. I've uploaded it to a few paste sites below so hopefully the links will live for a while at least.

http://pastebin.com/aaJtPy1j
http://pastie.org/7646116

Use it as a replacement for curl_exec. For example:

<?php
$ch = curl_init("http://php.net");
var_dump(curl_exec_follow($ch, 9001));
curl_close($ch);
?>

down

-3

Anonymous ¶

16 years ago


beware that not all cURLlib constants are supported under php :

e.g. CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION or CURLOPT_WRITEDATA are not supported.



CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, although undocumented is supported. It takes the name of a user_defined function.

the function should take two arguments (the curl handle, and the inputdata) and return the length of the written data

e.g.



<?php

function myPoorProgressFunc($ch,$str){

global $fd;

$len = fwrite($fd,$str);

print("#");

return $len;

}



curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,"myPoorProgressFunc");

?>



Also be aware that CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION  does NOT take the CURLOPT_FILE as a parameter! 

in curl lib it would take CURLOPT_WRITEDATA but this is not supported by php; that's why I use "global $fd;" in my exemple function.



CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION works the same, and is guaranteed to receive complete header lines as input! 



Hope this helps



Ivan

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-3

dan dot polansky at seznam dot cz ¶

18 years ago


I used to download www pages to my script and one of the pages was different in MS explorer and different, when I downloaded it. Namely, information, I was really interested in was missing. That was because the server on the other bank of the river was looking at who is downloading the page. Everything got fixed when I pretended I was MSIE. It is done with curl. Here is a function, that you may use in similar situation



<?php

function download_pretending($url,$user_agent) {

   $ch = curl_init();

   curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);

   curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $user_agent);

   curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);

   curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

   $result = curl_exec ($ch); 

   curl_close ($ch);

   return $result;

}

?>

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-4

m dot ghadam at gmail dot com ¶

7 years ago


When you set ($ch, curlopt_post, 1) , after you have posted your data with curl_exec , you need to set ($ch, curlopt_post, 0), Otherwise all your subsequent requests seems as a post with no postdata and some reverse proxy servers send 500 or 403 error for these case ( access denied or forbidden )!

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-7

mfuhrman at enetarch dot net ¶

5 years ago


Here is an example of sending JSON data as via POST.

index.php
------
$data = array
(
  "command" => "isInstalled", 
  "params" => Array
  (
    "1" => "3",
    "2" => "4",
  )
);

$data_string = "json=" . json_encode($data) . "&";
$ch = curl_init("http://localhose/parrot.php");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data_string);
$results = curl_exec($ch);

print ($results);
?>
=====

parrot.php
------
<?
print_r ($_REQUEST);
?>

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-9

maxime dot elomari at gmail dot com ¶

4 years ago


If you get an error with the error code 35 saying "Unknown SSL protocol error in connection to ...", maybe you are using the wrongs ciphers.

Try to precise a bunch of ciphers as below:

$arrayCiphers = array(
                'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA',
        'DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA',
        'AES256-SHA:KRB5-DES-CBC3-MD5',
        'KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA',
        'EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA',
        'EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA',
        'DES-CBC3-SHA:DES-CBC3-MD5',
        'DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA',
        'DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA',
        'AES128-SHA:RC2-CBC-MD5',
        'KRB5-RC4-MD5:KRB5-RC4-SHA',
        'RC4-SHA:RC4-MD5:RC4-MD5',
        'KRB5-DES-CBC-MD5',
        'KRB5-DES-CBC-SHA',
        'EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA',
        'EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA:DES-CBC-SHA',
        'DES-CBC-MD5:EXP-KRB5-RC2-CBC-MD5',
        'EXP-KRB5-DES-CBC-MD5',
        'EXP-KRB5-RC2-CBC-SHA',
        'EXP-KRB5-DES-CBC-SHA',
        'EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA',
        'EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA',
        'EXP-DES-CBC-SHA',
        'EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5',
        'EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5',
        'EXP-KRB5-RC4-MD5',
        'EXP-KRB5-RC4-SHA',
        'EXP-RC4-MD5:EXP-RC4-MD5'
);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST, implode(':', $arrayCiphers));

Worked for me, could work for you!

P.S: Used with PHP 5.4 and cURL 7.26.0.

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